Résumés
Abstract
In its most recent history, the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has taken central stage in two interstate wars and multiple civil conflicts with trans-border dynamics. Somewhat less well known is the fact that the DRC is also a prime example of a different, continent-wide African problematic: the precarity of land rights and resulting conflicts over land tenure. This paper is part of a study that explores interactions between tenure conflicts at the micro-level and the larger ethnic, civil and interstate conflicts of the region. In its first part, the article discusses conflict study approaches from various disciplines and the published literature and makes the case for a multi-scalar critical geopolitical conflict analysis. The second part presents case studies, the survey questionnaire and interview based fieldwork results that reveal the near ubiquity of tenure conflicts in North Kivu and show the causes of these conflicts and how they tend to proliferate at the rural grassroots base and subsequently extend upwards.
Keywords:
- Land tenure,
- tenure conflict,
- conflict propagation,
- civil conflict,
- North Kivu,
- DR Congo,
- conflict studies,
- critical geopolitics
Résumé
Dans son histoire récente, la République démocratique du Congo (RDC) a été au centre de deux guerres interétatiques et de plusieurs conflits civils avec d’importantes répercussions transfrontalières. Quelque peu moins connu est le cas de figure que constitue la RDC quant à une problématique presque omniprésente en Afrique : l’insécurité foncière et les conflits qui en découlent. Cet article fait partie d’une étude qui explore les interactions entre des conflits fonciers à micro-échelle et des conflits ethniques, civils et interétatiques de la région. Dans la première partie, l’article présente différentes approches d’études de conflits, leur littérature, et il propose une analyse géopolitique critique. La deuxième partie présente des résultats d’un travail de terrain au Nord Kivu qui démontrent la quasi-ubiquité des conflits fonciers, leurs causes et la façon dont ils ont tendance à proliférer et se propager à partir de leurs bases rurales.
Mots-clés :
- Régime foncier,
- conflit foncier,
- propagation de conflits,
- conflits civils,
- Nord Kivu,
- RD Congo,
- études de conflits,
- géopolitique critique
Resumen
En su historia reciente, la República Democrática del Congo (RDC) ha sido el centro de dos guerras interestatales y de varios conflictos civiles con importantes repercusiones fronterizas. La RCD, como caso de figura problemático casi omnipresente en África: la inseguridad de la propiedad inmueble y los conflictos resultantes, son menos conocidos. Este artículo concierne un estudio que explora las interacciones entre conflictos de propiedades de bienes raíces a micro-escala y conflictos étnicos, civiles y interestatales de la región. En la primera parte, se presentan diferentes enfoques del estudio de conflictos, sus fuentes documentales y se propone un análisis crítico geopolítico. En la segunda, se presentan los resultados de un trabajo de terreno en Nord Kivu que muestran la casi ubicuidad de los conflictos de propiedad de bienes raíces, de sus causas y de la manera como tienden a propagarse, a partir de sus bases rurales.
Palabras clave:
- Régimen de propiedad de bienes-raíces,
- sus conflictos,
- propagación de conflictos,
- conflictos civiles,
- Nord Kivu RD Congo,
- estudios de conflictos,
- crítica geopolítica
Parties annexes
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