Résumés
Abstract
The successful compositional careers of Jean Coulthard, Barbara Pentland, and Violet Archer spanned all but the first three decades of the twentieth century. Entering a compositional career at this time had many challenges: as Western Canadians, these composers had to establish their credibility with a public that could not be counted on to recognize the worth of their work due to sexist bias and a prevailing critical stance: public approval was evidence of a lack of true creativity. This was especially problematic for women, who had to keep to the center of progressive composition, away from the experimental and conservative margins, in order to gain recognition. Following World War II, the pressure of modernism increased, due at least in part to initiatives by the U. S. Government in occupied Germany, countering the stereotype of the unsophisticated American with a new narrative of American experimental tradition.
Résumé
Les carrières couronnées de succès des compositrices Jean Coulthard, Barbara Pentland et Violet Archer couvrent une grande partie du xxe siècle, à partir des années 1930. Embrasser une carrière en composition à cette époque-là comportait de nombreux défis : en tant que Canadiennes de l’Ouest, ces compositrices ont dû établir leur crédibilité with a public who could not be counted upon to recognize the worth of their work due to sexist bias tout en combattant le préjugé selon lequel être compris d’un vaste public démontre automatiquement un déficit de créativité. C’était particulièrement problématique pour des femmes, car elles devaient se maintenir au centre de l’avant-garde, plutôt que dans les franges expérimentales ou conservatrices, afin d’obtenir une certaine reconnaissance. À la suite de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la pression du modernisme s’est accrue, en partie à cause de l’élaboration, par le gouvernement américain occupant l’Allemagne, d’un nouveau scénario visant à établir une tradition expérimentale américaine afin de contrer le stéréotype de l’Américain mal dégrossi.
Parties annexes
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