Résumés
Abstract
The evolving linguistic landscape in 21st century classrooms necessitates a re-evaluation of pedagogical approaches, exploring the potential of multilingual writing techniques within TESOL settings. This article draws on my self-study as a TESOL educator navigating contexts and shifting from an English-only approach in the classroom to an openness of language(s) approach (Ortega, 2019). Following Hamilton’s (2018) case study approach, I investigate the feasibility of implementing a multilingual pedagogy in an international school in Toronto and explore its influence on students, teachers, and the learning process across the domains of (CMLA) (Prasad & Lory, 2020). For this paper, I focus on data that highlight and reflect the impact of multilingual pedagogy on students, teachers, and the teaching/learning process. I performed a qualitative thematic analysis and found that multilingual pedagogies benefited students on many levels. I conclude with a personal reflection on both the affordances and challenges of implementing multilingual pedagogies.
Résumé
Le paysage linguistique en évolution des salles de classe nécessite une réévaluation des approches pédagogiques dans les contextes TESOL. Cet article s'appuie sur mon auto-étude en tant qu'éducateur évoluant d'une approche uniquement en anglais en classe à une approche ouverte aux langues (Ortega, 2019). Suivant l'approche de l'étude de cas de Hamilton (2018), j'ai étudié la faisabilité de mettre en oeuvre une pédagogie multilingue dans une école internationale à Toronto et exploré son influence sur les élèves, les enseignants et le processus d'apprentissage à travers les domaines du CMLA (Prasad & Lory, 2020). Je me suis concentré sur des données mettant en lumière et reflétant l'impact de la pédagogie multilingue. J'ai réalisé une analyse thématique qualitative et constaté que les pédagogies multilingues bénéficiaient aux élèves à de nombreux niveaux. Je conclus par une réflexion sur les avantages et les défis de la mise en oeuvre des pédagogies multilingues.
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire. Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Atkinson, D. (1993) Teaching in the target language: A problem in the current orthodoxy. The Language Learning Journal, 8(1), 2-5. https://doi.org/10.1080/0957173938520026110.1080/09571739385200261 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Busch, B. (2017). Expanding the notion of the linguistic repertoire: On the concept of spracherleben—the lived experience of language. Applied Linguistics, 38(3), 340-358. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amv03010.1093/applin/amv030 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Butler, Y.G. (2012). Bilingualism/multilingualism and second-language acquisition. In T.K. Bhatia, & W.C. Ritchie (Eds.), The handbook of bilingualism and multilingualism. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118332382.ch510.1002/9781118332382.ch5 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Burton, J., & Van Viegen, S. (2021). Spoken word poetry with multilingual youth from refugee backgrounds. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 65(1), 75–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.117810.1002/jaal.1178 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Canagarajah, S. (2015). Clarifying the relationship between translingual practice and L2 writing: Addressing learner identities. Applied Linguistics Review, 6(4), 415-440. https://doi.org/10.1515/applirev-2015-002010.1515/applirev-2015-0020 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Candelier, M., Daryai-Hansen, P., & Schröder-Sura, A. (2012). The framework of reference for pluralistic approaches to languages and cultures – a complement to the CEFR to develop plurilingual and intercultural competences. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 6(3), 243-257. https://doi.org/10.1080/17501229.2012.72525210.1080/17501229.2012.725252 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Ceginskas, V. (2010). Being “the strange one” or “like everybody else”: School education and the negotiation of multilingual identity. International Journal of Multilingualism, 7, 211–224. https://doi.org/10.1080/1479071100366047610.1080/14790711003660476 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Chou, M. (2013). A content-based approach to teaching and testing listening skills to grade 5 EFL learners. International Journal of Listening, 27(3), 172–185. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2013.82227010.1080/10904018.2013.822270 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Cook, V. (2001). Using the first language in the classroom. Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(3), 402–423. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.57.3.40210.3138/cmlr.57.3.402 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Cummins, J. (2001a). Bilingual children's mother tongue: Why is it important for education? Sprogforum. 19. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/238698400_Bilingual_Children's_Mother_Tongue_Why_Is_It_Important_for_EducationGoogle Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Cummins, J. (2001b). Negotiating identities: Education for empowerment in a diverse society (2nd ed.). California Association for Bilingual Education.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Cummins, J. (2005). A proposal for action: Strategies for recognizing heritage language competence as a learning resource within the mainstream classroom. Modern Language Journal (89)4, 585-592. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3588628Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Cummins, J. (2017). Teaching minoritized students: Are additive approaches legitimate? Harvard Educational Review, 87, 404–425. https://doi.org/10.17763/1943-5045-87.3.40410.17763/1943-5045-87.3.404 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Cummins, J., & Early, M. (2011). Identity texts: The collaborative creation of power in multilingual schools. Trentham Books Ltd.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Cummins, J., Hu, S., Markus, P., & Montero, M. K. (2015). Identity texts and academic achievement: Connecting the dots in multilingual school contexts. TESOL Quarterly, 49(3), 555–581. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.24110.1002/tesq.241 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Dagenais, D., Toohey, K., Bennett Fox, A., & Singh, A. (2017). Multilingual and multimodal composition at school: ScribJab in action. Language and Education, 31(3), 263–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2016.126189310.1080/09500782.2016.1261893 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Daniel, S. M., & Eley, C. (2018). Improving cohesion in our writing: Findings from an identity text workshop with resettled refugee teens. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 61(4), 421– 431. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaal.70010.1002/jaal.700 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Eckert, P. (2006). Communities of practice. In K. Brown (Ed.), Encyclopedia of language and linguistics (2nd ed., pp. 683–685). Elsevier Science.10.1016/B0-08-044854-2/01276-1 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Jackson, D. O. (2022). Task-based language teaching (1st ed.). Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Kelly, E. (2017). [Review of The fifth element: Social justice pedagogy through spoken word poetry by C.L. Endsley]. Studies in Social Justice, 11(1), 174–177. Studies in Social Justice. https://doi.org/10.26522/ssj.v11i1.147510.26522/ssj.v11i1.1475 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Flores, N. (2016). A tale of two visions: Hegemonic whiteness and bilingual education. Educational Policy, 30(1), 13–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/089590481561648210.1177/0895904815616482 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Flores, N., & Rosa, J. (2015). Undoing appropriateness: Raciolinguistic ideologies and language diversity in education. Harvard Educational Review, 85, 149–171. https://doi.org/10.17763/0017-8055.85.2.14910.17763/0017-8055.85.2.149 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- García, O. (2009). Education, multilingualism and translanguaging in the 21st century. In T. Skutnabb-Kangas, R. Phillipson, A. K. Mohanty, & M. Panda (Eds.), Social justice through multilingual education (pp. 140–158). Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- García, O. (2017). Critical multilingual language awareness and teacher education. In J. Cenoz, D. Gorter, & S. May (Eds.) Language awareness and multilingualism. Encyclopedia of language and education. Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02325-0_30-110.1007/978-3-319-02325-0_30-1 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- García, O., Johnson, S. I., & Seltzer, K. (2017). The translanguaging classroom: Leveraging student bilingualism for learning. Caslon.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- García, O., & Sylvan, C. E. (2011). Pedagogies and practices in multilingual classrooms: Singularities in pluralities. The Modern Language Journal, 95(3), 385–400. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01208.x10.1111/j.1540-4781.2011.01208.x Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Hamilton, L. (2018, June 27). Case study in education research. Education. https://doi.org/10.1093/obo/9780199756810-020110.1093/obo/9780199756810-0201 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Horner, B., Lu, M.-Z., Royster, J. J., & Trimbur, J. (2011). Language difference in writing: Toward a translingual approach. College English, 73(3), 303–321. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2579047710.58680/ce201113403 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Krashen. (1985). The input hypothesis: Issues and implications. Longman. Lau, S. M. C., & Van, V. S. (Eds.). (2020). Plurilingual pedagogies: Critical and creative endeavors for equitable language in education. Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36983-510.1007/978-3-030-36983-5 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press. Lichtman, M. (2014). Drawing meaning from the data. In Qualitative research for the social sciences (pp. 317-348). SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/978154430775610.4135/9781544307756 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Lory, M. P. (2015). L’évolution des représentations sur les langues d’élèves plurilingues du 3e cycle du primaire lors de l’implantation d’un projet d’Éveil aux langues. [Doctoral dissertation, University of Montreal, Canada]. https://papyrus.bib.umontreal.ca/xmlui/handle/1866/13048Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Lotherington, H. (2011). Pedagogy of multiliteracies: Rewriting Goldilocks (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/978020380488910.4324/9780203804889 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Lotherington, H., Holland, M., Sotoudeh, S., & Zentena, M. (2008). Project-based community language learning: Three narratives of multilingual story-telling in early childhood education. Canadian Modern Language Review, 65(1), 125–145. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.65.1.12510.3138/cmlr.65.1.125 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Marshall, S., & Moore, D. (2018). Plurilingualism amid the panoply of lingualisms: addressing critiques and misconceptions in education. International Journal of Multilingualism, 15(1), 19–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/14790718.2016.125369910.1080/14790718.2016.1253699 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Martin-Beltrán, M., Guzman, N. L., & Kidwell, T. (2019). Building a community of practice to counter the marginalisation of adolescent language learners. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 32(2), 142-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/07908318.2018.152142110.1080/07908318.2018.1521421 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Martin-Jones, M., Blackledge, A., & Creese, A. (Eds.). (2012). The Routledge handbook of multilingualism (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/978020315442710.4324/9780203154427 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Martin-Jones, M. & Martin, D. (2017). Researching multilingualism: Critical and ethnographic perspectives. Routledge. May, S. (2019). Negotiating the multilingual turn in SLA. The Modern Language Journal, 103(1), 122-129. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.1253110.1111/modl.12531 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Naqvi, R., McKeough, A., Thorne, K., & Pfitscher, C. (2013). Dual-language books as an emergent-literacy resource: Culturally and linguistically responsive teaching and learning. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 13(4), 501–528. https://doi.org/10.1177/146879841244288610.1177/1468798412442886 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Ontario Ministry of Colleges and Universities. (2012, October 17). Go to college or university in Ontario. Retrieved December 10, 2023, from https://www.ontario.ca/page/go-college-or-university-ontarioGoogle Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Ortega, L. (2019). SLA and the study of equitable multilingualism. The Modern Language Journal, 103, 23–38. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.1252510.1111/modl.12525 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Pahl, K., & Rowsell, J. (2019). Artifactual literacies: Every object tells a story. Teachers College Press.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Phillipson. (1992). Linguistic imperialism. Oxford University Press. Piccardo, E., North, B., & Goodier, T. (2019). Broadening the scope of language education: Mediation, plurilingualism, and collaborative learning: The CEFR companion volume. Je-LKS, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.20368/1971-8829/1612Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Prasad, G. (2013). Children as co-ethnographers of their plurilingual literacy practices: An exploratory case study. Language and Literacy, 15(3), 4–30. https://doi.org/10.20360/G2901N10.20360/G2901N Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Prasad, G. (2015). Beyond the mirror towards a plurilingual prism: Exploring the creation of plurilingual “identity texts” in English and French classrooms in Toronto and Montpellier. Intercultural Education, 26(6), 497-514. https://doi.org/10.1080/14675986.2015.110977510.1080/14675986.2015.1109775 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Prasad, G. (2018). Building students’ language awareness and literacy engagement through the creation of collaborative multilingual identity texts 2.0. In C. Frijns, & C. Helot (Eds.), Language awareness in multilingual classrooms in Europe: From theory to practice. Mouton De Gruyter Publishers.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Prasad, G. (2022). Unbecoming a monolingual anglophone. In G. Prasad, N. Auger, & E. Le Pichon Vorstman (Eds.), Multilingualism and education: Researchers’ pathways and perspectives (pp. 232–239). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009037075.02810.1017/9781009037075.028 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Prasad, G., & Lory, M.P. (2020). Linguistic and cultural collaboration in schools: Reconciling majority and minoritized language users. TESOL Quarterly, 54, 797-822. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesq.56010.1002/tesq.560 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Rymes, B. (2014). Communicative repertoire. Routledge companion to English language studies (pp. 287-301). Routledge. Schaffenrath, F. (2015). Narrative poetry. In S. Knight, & S. Tilg (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of Neo-Latin (pp. 57-72). Oxford Academic. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948178.013.3810.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948178.013.38 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Schecter, S., & Cummins, J. (2003). Multilingual education in practice: Using diversity as a resource. Heinemann.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Seltzer, K. (2020). Translingual writers as mentors in a high school “English” classroom. In Plurilingual pedagogies (pp. 185–204). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36983-5_910.1007/978-3-030-36983-5_9 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Sierens, S., & Van Avermaet, P. (2014). Language diversity in education: Evolving from multilingual education to functional multilingual learning. Managing diversity in education: Languages, policies, pedagogies (pp. 204-222). Multilingual Matters.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Smythe, S., & Toohey, K. (2009). Investigating sociohistorical contexts and practices through a community scan: A Canadian Punjabi-Sikh example. Language and Education, 23(1), 37–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950078080215288710.1080/09500780802152887 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Soto, J. A., Levenson, R. W., & Ebling, R. (2005). Cultures of moderation and expression: Emotional experience, behavior, and physiology in Chinese Americans and Mexican Americans. Emotion, 5(2), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.1080/0950078080215288710.1080/09500780802152887 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Statistics Canada. (2016). 2016 Census: Linguistic diversity and multilingualism in Canadian homes. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/98-200-x/2016010/98-200-x2016010-eng.cfmGoogle Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Taylor, S. K. (2011). Identity texts as decolonized writing: Beyond the cowboys and Indians meta-narrative Writing & Pedagogy, 3(2), 289-304. https://doi.org/10.1558/wap.v3i2.28910.1558/wap.v3i2.289 Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar
- Walsh, S., & Brigham, S. (2007). Internationally educated teachers and teacher education programs in Canada: Current practices. Atlantic Metropolis Centre.Google Scholar Rechercher cette référence bibliographique sur Google Scholar

