Volume 45, numéro 1, 2022

FR :

Depuis plusieurs années, on assiste au Québec comme ailleurs à une multiplication des applications cartographiques sur Internet, produites par plusieurs équipes de recherche. Conçues comme des outils de transfert des connaissances, ces applications sur mesure sont souvent basées sur des solutions libres et gratuites. Une telle approche de déploiement d’application cartographique offre une grande flexibilité tant du point de vue du design de l’application que de l’implémentation de fonctions de cartographie, d’exploration de données et navigation. L’objectif de cet article est avant tout méthodologique. Il vise à décrire le déploiement d’une nouvelle application Web, soit le Géolocalisateur d’entreprises de Lanaudière. Pour ce faire, les données spatiales utilisées, l’architecture innovante basée sur des microservices et les fonctionnalités de l’application sont largement discutées.

EN :

Over the past few years, Quebec, as elsewhere, has seen a proliferation of web-based mapping applications produced by various research teams. Designed as knowledge transfer tools, these customized applications are often based on free, opensource solutions. Such an approach to deploy map related applications offers great flexibility both in terms of application design and the implementation of cartographic, data mining and navigation functions. The aim of this article is primarily methodological. It aims to describe the deployment of a new web application, the Géolocalisateur d’entreprises de Lanaudière. To this end, the spatial data used, the innovative microservices-based architecture and the application’s functionalities are extensively discussed.

EN :

Enhancing productivity is a common rationale for devolution, outsourcing and new institutional configurations and a recurring theme in public administration reforms. Functions such as urban planning, infrastructure development, water management, and transportation planning have clear spatial characteristics wherein their governance ideally spans their functional use and/or management. These considerations have led to municipal amalgamations and two-tier governance in an effort to consolidate functions and build economies of scale and to the creation of special purpose, intermediate or regional bodies to manage public investments and deliver specialised services. While there is a growing urban literature on governance at the right scale in certain policy areas, far fewer studies explore these factors in lower density places (towns and rural and remote areas). Moreover, how effective and efficient governance might boost productivity both within the institution and more generally, across the local/regional economy is underexplored. This paper takes stock of how governance at the right scale might improve public sector productivity in different types of places—urban, rural and remote. It draws on theoretical, empirical and policy literature to explore how scale matters to public sector productivity and governance.

EN :

Approximately ten percent of Canadian higher education students cross provincial boundaries each year to attend college or university. Despite its size and impact, the geography of higher education student migration (HESM) is not well documented in Canada. This paper analyses Statistics Canada’s Postsecondary Student Information System (PSIS) for the academic year 2016/17. Interaction matrixes are developed and mapped to analyse both the broad geographical structure of interprovincial HESM and the impact of language, specifically student mother tongue, in shaping migration patterns. In both the overall picture of HESM and that of mother tongue, HESM generates expected patterns as well as important migration variations. Ontario and Quebec anchor the national picture and, together with others, constitute exchanges amongst contiguous provincial clusters. Unique cross-country interprovincial connections are also revealed and migration by mother tongue generates further nuances still. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of this work for understanding (i) migration-based integration amongst Canadian provincial higher education systems, and (ii) with further research, the multi-scalar processes and geographies of HESM for institutional and local economic policy makers.

EN :

In Canada, chicken, turkey, egg, and milk production is regulated through a supply management system. As a result, any Canadian farmer wishing to raise poultry or produce eggs or milk is legally required to hold a production quota. However, quota prices have risen sharply over time, creating considerable entry barriers for small farmers interested in selling supply-managed specialty products directly to consumers. The impact of the current system on small-scale farming and alternative food networks has led to growing calls for reform. In our study, we examine the debate around quota policies in the province of Quebec from a governance perspective. Our findings indicate that stakeholders disagree on the potential impact that supply management reforms would have on market stability, equity, farmer professionalism, and food safety. Fundamentally, these various points of contention highlight an underlying struggle for power and legitimacy between established stakeholders and beginning farmers, with both sides holding opposing views about the nature of farming, product quality, and sectoral management. The debate also underscores the challenges that supply-managed sectors face in trying to accommodate beginning farmers from diverse social and professional backgrounds.

FR :

En sciences régionales, la notion de centre(s) revêt une importance capitale pour plusieurs modèles théoriques et cadres conceptuels. Les dynamiques urbaines et locales ont conduit à une multiplication des centres rendant le polycentrisme la norme dans la plupart des aires métropolitaines. Or, la localisation du centre (ou des centres) est souvent postulée comme exogène, déterminée à l’avance. Elle s’avère souvent un intrant nécessaire afin d’identifier les multiples centres. Cette note de recherche propose de développer un algorithme permettant d’identifier, de détecter et de localiser les différents centres à partir d’une typologie issue de critères économiques (unités de logements et commerciales). Afin de présenter son implémentation, deux applications fictives sont développées. Une première sur une ville monocentrique, et une seconde sur une ville polycentrique. Une application empirique permet d’identifier et de localiser les centralités de 31 régions métropolitaines de recensement (RMR) et agglomérations de recensement (AR) du Québec à partir d’information sur les unités d’évaluation contenues dans les rôles d’évaluations municipaux.

EN :

In regional sciences, the notion of center(s) is of key importance for several theoretical models and conceptual frameworks. Urban and local dynamics have led to a multiplication of centers, making polycentrism the norm in most metropolitan areas. Yet the location of the center (or centers) is often postulated as exogenous, predetermined. It is often a necessary input for identifying multiple centers. This research note proposes to develop an algorithm for identifying, detecting and locating different centers based on a typology derived from economic criteria (housing and commercial units). In order to present its implementation, two fictitious applications are developed. The first is based on a monocentric city, and the second on a polycentric city. An empirical application identifies and locates the centralities of 31 census metropolitan areas (CMAs) and census agglomerations (CAs) in Quebec, based on information on assessment units contained in municipal assessment rolls.