Résumés
Résumé
Les attentats du 11 septembre ont mis en lumière la capacité d’action et de destruction des réseaux terroristes et l’impuissance des institutions étatiques traditionnelles verticales face à cette nouvelle forme de menace. L’une des solutions proposées par les praticiens de la sécurité est de recourir à l’organisation en réseau afin de rendre plus efficace la lutte contre le terrorisme et le crime organisé. Cependant, comme nous le montrerons dans la première partie, le discours sur la prééminence des réseaux précédait les attaques du 11 septembre 2001, ce qui a permis une mise en oeuvre rapide aux États-Unis, en Europe et au Canada. Loin de constituer un phénomène particulier, les dimensions diachronique et synchronique des réseaux de sécurité seront abordées dans la deuxième partie. Cette description et cette mise en contexte fourniront un éclairage factuel à la troisième partie, qui amorcera un débat théorique sur la valeur du concept de réseau pour comprendre la gouvernance de la sécurité après le 11 septembre.
Abstract
The 9/11 attacks have highlighted the capacity of terrorist networks to strike and inflict extensive damages, as well as the helplessness of traditional vertical state institutions to confront this new threat. One of the solutions offered by security practitioners is to enlist the networked mode of organization in order to make the fight against terrorism and organized crime more effective. However, as we will show in the first section, the discourse on the prominence of networks preceded the 9/11 events, allowing a quick implementation of those recommendations in the US, Europe and Canada. Far from being an isolated phenomenon, the institutional and temporal reach of the network paradigm will be examined in the second section. This description and the contextual framework provided earlier will shed a factual light to the third section, which will initiate a theoretical discussion on the value of the network concept to understand the governance of security post 9/11.
Parties annexes
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