Résumés
Résumé
Caractéristiques individuelles et familiales associées à la persistance des troubles du comportement perturbateur chez les enfants. Cette étude vise à identifier des caractéristiques distinguant les enfants des trajectoires persistante et décroissante des troubles de comportement perturbateur et de vérifier l’effet modérateur du genre. L’échantillon est composé de 268 enfants (28 % de filles) du primaire (M=9,8 ans; é.-t.=1,79 an) recevant des services spécialisés pour difficultés comportementales à l’école. Selon les analyses de trajectoires (six ans) réalisées, 12,3 % d’enfants (24 % de filles) appartiennent à la trajectoire persistante et 32,5 % (30 % de filles) à la trajectoire décroissante. Bien que les enfants des deux trajectoires présentent des vulnérabilités similaires à l’entrée dans l’étude, les analyses de régression multivariées indiquent qu’un tempérament plus réactif augmente la probabilité d’appartenir à la trajectoire persistante chez les filles. Aussi, la présence d’un trouble anxieux et l’absence d’un trouble dépressif chez les parents seraient associées à la trajectoire persistante. Ces résultats soutiennent l’importance de cibler aussi les difficultés des parents lorsque l’on souhaite prévenir la persistance des troubles du comportement.
Mots-clés :
- troubles du comportement,
- trajectoires de développement,
- caractéristiques individuelles et familiales,
- enfance,
- effets de genre
Abstract
Individual and family characteristics associated with the persistence of disruptive behavior disorders in children. This study identifies characteristics, measured at study entry, that differentiate between children engaging in persisting or in decreasing trajectories of behavior disorder and verifies the moderating effect of gender. The sample consists of 268 elementary school-age children (28% of girls; M=9.8 years, s.d.=1.79) receiving services for behavioral problems at school. According to the latent growth class analysis (six years), 12.3% of children (24% of females) belonged to the persisting trajectory and 32.5% (30% of female) belonged to the descending trajectory. Although children in both trajectories had similar vulnerabilities at study entry, multivariate regression analyzes identified some differentiating characteristics: a temperament characterized by a high sensory threshold increases the probability of belonging to the persistent trajectory among girls; the presence of an anxiety disorder and the absence of a depressive disorder in the parents was associated with membership in the persistent trajectory. These findings support targeting difficulties of parents to prevent the persistence of behavioral problems.
Keywords:
- behavior disorders,
- trajectory,
- individual and familial factors,
- childhood,
- gender
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