Résumés
Résumé
L’expérience du Nunavut est basée sur un compromis entre la volonté des Inuit de reconquérir une certaine autonomie et celle du gouvernement fédéral d’assurer sa souveraineté sur l’Arctique canadien et d’obtenir une certitude juridique pour l’exploitation des ressources du Nunavut. Dans ce contexte, on peut se demander si le gouvernement du Nunavut donne plus d’autonomie aux Inuit ou s’il s’agit simplement d’une structure postcoloniale qui répond principalement aux normes de rationalité occidentales. Le concept de «composition» proposé par Latour nous offre une façon de comprendre les relations entre la gouverne inuit et occidentale au Nunavut. Dans cet article, ce sont donc les interrelations des acteurs, des visions et des institutions qui forment le cadre de notre analyse de la composition du Nunavut. Après une caractérisation de la gouverne dans les sociétés inuit, nous verrons à travers l’analyse des compromis, des institutions et des pratiques du Nunavut comment gouvernance inuit et rationalité gouvernementale occidentale interagissent au sein du nouveau territoire.
Abstract
The experience of Nunavut is based on a compromise between the desire of the Inuit to regain some autonomy and the federal government’s wish to ensure its sovereignty over the Canadian Arctic and secure legal certainty for resource development in Nunavut. In this context, one may wonder whether the Nunavut government is giving the Inuit more autonomy or whether it is simply a postcolonial structure that responds mainly to Western norms of rationality. Latour’s concept of “composition” offers us a way to understand the relationships between Inuit and Western processes of governing in Nunavut. In this article, the interrelationships among actors, visions, and institutions therefore form a framework for our analysis of the composition of Nunavut. After characterizing the process of governance in Inuit societies, we will see via analysis of Nunavut compromises, institutions, and practices how Inuit governance and Western governmental rationality interact in the new territory.
Parties annexes
Références
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