Résumés
Abstract
This paper addresses the issue of difference in the depth of visual memory among the Chukotka (Siberian) and St. Lawrence Island Yupik people based on several projects in heritage documentation between 1999 and 2019. Using historical photographs from museum collections and assessing how well (and how fully) Yupik Elders are able to recognize individuals and local details in various sets of historical photos roughly between 1895 and 1970, we may tentatively estimate the depth of “visual memory” and the ways it is changing. It generally fluctuates between 50 and 80–90 years due to various factors, and to the availability and memory of outstanding experts. Based on sets of historical photographs from the late 1800s, 1901, 1912, 1929, 1939, and 1967, the depth of visual memory was found to be significantly longer on St. Lawrence Island than in Chukotka Yupik communities.
Keywords:
- Chukotka/Siberian, St. Lawrence Island Yupik,
- historical photographs,
- visual memory depth,
- community heritage
Résumé
L’article aborde la question de la différence de profondeur de la mémoire visuelle chez les Yupik de Tchoukotka (Sibérie) et de l’île Saint-Laurent à partir de plusieurs projets de documentation du patrimoine entre 1999 et 2019. En utilisant des photographies historiques issues de collections muséales et en évaluant dans quelle mesure les aînés yupik peuvent reconnaître des individus et des détails locaux dans divers ensembles de photos historiques datant approximativement de 1895 à 1970, nous pouvons provisoirement estimer la profondeur de la « mémoire visuelle » et la façon dont elle évolue. Elle fluctue généralement entre 50 et 80-90 ans, en raison de divers facteurs abordés dans l’article, mais aussi de la disponibilité et de la mémoire d’experts exceptionnels. En se basant sur les séries de photographies historiques de la fin des années 1800, 1901, 1912, 1929, 1939 et 1967, nous avons constaté que la profondeur de la mémoire visuelle était beaucoup plus longue sur l’île du Saint-Laurent que dans les communautés yupik de Tchoukotka.
Mots-clés:
- Yupik de Tchoukotka/Sibérie et de l’île Saint-Laurent,
- photographies historiques,
- profondeur de la mémoire visuelle,
- patrimoine communautaire
Аннотация
Данная статья посвящена разнице в глубине визуальной памяти у эскимосов-юпик Чукотки (азиатских эскимосов) и острова Святого Лаврентия. Статья основана на нескольких проектах по документированию культурного наследия, выполненных в период с 1999 по 2019 гг. Используя исторические фотографии из музейных коллекций и оценивая насколько хорошо (и насколько полно) эскимосские старейшины способны идентифицировать людей и местные детали по сериям исторических фотографий, снятых примерно между 1895 и 1970 годами, мы можем предварительно оценить глубину «визуальной памяти» и ее динамику. Эта глубина обычно колеблется между 50 и 80–90 годами. Глубина визуальной памяти зависит от различных факторов, а также сохранения отдельных выдающихся экспертов среди старейшин и их более глубокой памяти. На основании демонстрации серий исторических фотографий конца XIX века, 1901, 1912, 1929, 1939 и 1967 годов можно прийти к выводу, что глубина визуальной памяти на острове Святого Лаврентия значительно длиннее, чем у эскимосов Чукотки.
Ключевые слова:
- Эскимосы-юпик Чукотки, эскимосы острова Святого Лаврентия,
- исторические фотографии,
- глубина визуальной памяти,
- локальное наследие
Parties annexes
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