Résumés
Abstract
Despite a healthy number of studies examining the motivations or voting practices of Canadians, little comparative work examines communications activities of electoral agencies. The following article maps out such activities through an assessment of nodality (information-based) policy tools use by four Canadian electoral agencies (Elections Canada, Elections Ontario, Elections BC, Elections Quebec). The paper begins by situating information‐based policy tools within the broader policy tools literature. Subsequently, such tools are then classified with respect to their relationship to policy making activities at the ‘front-end’ (agenda setting and policy formulation) and ‘backend’ (policy implementation and evaluation) of the policy cycle. Upon analysis, a variety of instrument mixes are detected with an overall shift from broad sweeping substantive instruments, such as mass information campaigns towards targeted approaches, to increased partnerships aimed at reaching specific cohorts with historically lower levels of voter participation. Furthermore, instrument mixes are found to vary jurisdictionally with respect to the adoption of newer Internet based tools versus traditional tools. In general, all four cases are found to frequently rely on both procedural and substantive information‐based policy tools related to ‘back-end’ policy-making activities.
Résumé
Malgré le nombre appréciable d’études portant sur les motivations reliées aux comportements électoraux des Canadiens, peu de recherches scientifiques ont examiné les pratiques de communication des agences électorales. L’article propose une analyse qui met l’accent sur l’évaluation des instruments de type informatifs utilisés par quatre agences électorales canadiennes (Élections Canada, Élections Ontario, Elections BC, Directeur général des élections du Québec). Dans un premier temps, l’article situe les instruments de type informatif dans le contexte général de la littérature sur les instruments d’action publique. Ensuite, ces instruments sont classés par rapport aux différentes phases du cycle traditionnel des politiques publiques, notamment en début de cycle (définition des priorités et formulation des politiques) et en fin de cycle (mise en oeuvre et évaluation). Suite à l’analyse, une variété de combinaisons d’instruments a été observée et témoigne d’un changement majeur en faveur d’approches ciblées et partenariales afin de rejoindre des cohortes spécifiques comportant des taux de participation historiquement moins élevé par rapport initialement aux campagnes d’information de masse. Par ailleurs, les combinaisons d’instruments trouvées varient selon les juridictions et leur adoption de nouveaux outils virtuels basés sur Internet par rapport aux outils plus traditionnels. En général, les quatre agences électorales s’appuient fréquemment sur des instruments informatifs tant « procéduraux » que « substantifs » en lien avec les activités de fin de cycle des politiques publiques.
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