ror.org/04kc77756
Résumés
Abstract
As technological advancements and online education transform higher education, the achievement gap among students is widening rather than closing. Critics suggest that we need to reassess the promises of online education and the connectivism or network learning that is sometimes employed as its pedagogical underpinning. As scholars and practitioners struggle to define connectivism as a learning theory, many often exclude language as a feature in its conceptualization. This practice is at odds with architectonic thought, the philosophical tradition in which constructivist theories of learning are rooted. This article reveals the central role that language and texts play in architectonic thought and why they are inseparable from our understanding of knowledge and network learning. When we recognize language as a medium and model for reflection and criticality in the architectonic tradition, we are better positioned to use pedagogy and computer technology to transform online education and reorient our competing views of connectivism.
Keywords:
- connectivism,
- digital management,
- hypertextuality,
- intertextuality,
- network learning
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire. Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Alfaro, M. (1996). Intertextuality: Origins and development of the concept. Atlantis, 18(1/2), 268-285. Retrieved from http://faculty.weber.edu/cbergeson/quixote/martinez.pdf
- Annesley, J. (2001). Netscapes: Gibson, globalization and the representation of new media. Modern Language Studies, 37(2), 218-229. doi: 10.1093/fmls/37.2.218
- Bakhtin, M. (1981). The dialogic imagination (M. Holquist, Ed., M. Holquist & C. Emerson, Trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/38565705/Bakhtin-The_Dialogic_Imagination_Four_Essay
- Bakhtin, M. (1986). Speech genres and other late essays (M. Holquist & C. Emerson, Eds., V.W. McGee, Trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Retrieved from https://issuu.com/fernandalima4/docs/bakhtin__m_-_speech_genres___other_
- Bakhtin, M. (1990). Art and answerability: Early philosophical essays by M. M. Bakhtin (M. Holquist & V. Liapunov, Eds., V. Liapunov, Trans.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press. Retrieved from https://www.musework.nl/image/2015/6/11/bakhtin_mikhail_toward_a_philosophy_of_the_act.pdf
- Barabási, A. (2014). Linked: How everything is connected to everything else and what it means for business, science, and everyday life. New York, NY: Basic Books.
- Barthes, R. (1989). The rustle of language (R. Howard, Trans.). Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Retrieved from https://monoskop.org/images/8/8a/Barthes_Roland_The_Rustle_of_Language_1989.pdf
- Bell, F. (2011). Connectivism: Its place in theory-informed research and innovation in technology-enabled learning. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(3), 98-118. doi: 10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.902
- Bernauer, J.A., & Tomei, L.A. (2015). Integrating pedagogy and technology: Improving teaching and learning in higher education. New York, NY: Rowman & Littlefield.
- Bernstein, B. (1990). The structuring of pedagogic discourse. London, England: Routledge.
- Burke, K. (1969). A rhetoric of motives. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. Retrieved from http://www.communicationcache.com/uploads/1/0/8/8/10887248/kenneth_burke_-_a_rhetoric_of_motives_1950.pdf
- Chandler, D. (2007). Semiotics: The basics (2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Routledge. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/18120174/Semiotics_the_Basics_Second_Edition
- Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold and underused: Computers in the classroom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Retrieved from https://moodle.fct.unl.pt/pluginfile.php/72068/mod_resource/content/0/Cuban_2001_Oversold_and_underused_Computers_in_the_classroom.pdf
- Dennis, J. (2019). The architecture of failure: General education curricula and the rhetoric of interdisciplinarity. Planning and Changing: An Educational Leadership and Policy Journal, 49(1/2), 81-92.
- Derrida, J. (1997). Of grammatology (G.C. Spivak, Trans.). Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press. Retrieved from https://monoskop.org/images/8/8e/Derrida_Jacques_Of_Grammatology_1998.pdf
- Derrida, J. (2004). Eyes of the university: Right to philosophy 2. (J. Plug and others, Trans.). Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Downes, S. (2012). Connectivism and connective knowledge. Retrieved from https://www.oerknowledgecloud.org/archive/Connective_Knowledge-19May2012.pdf
- Egan, K. (2002). Getting it wrong from the beginning: Our progressivist inheritance from Herbert Spencer, John Dewey, and Jean Piaget. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
- Emerson, C. (1986). The outer word and inner speech: Bakhtin, Vygotsky, and the internalization of language. In G.S. Morson (Ed.), Bakhtin: Essays and dialogues on his work (pp. 21-40). Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
- Engeström, Y. (2008). From teams to knots: Activity-theoretical studies of collaboration and learning at work. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
- Foucault, M. (1972). The archaeology of knowledge: And the discourse on language. (A.M.S. Sheridan, Trans.). New York, NY: Vintage Books. Retrieved from https://monoskop.org/images/9/90/Foucault_Michel_Archaeology_of_Knowledge.pdf
- Foucault, M. (1980). Power/knowledge: Selected interviews and other writings, 1972-1977 (C. Gordon, Ed.). New York, NY: Pantheon Books. Retrieved from https://monoskop.org/images/5/5d/Foucault_Michel_Power_Knowledge_Selected_Interviews_and_Other_Writings_1972-1977.pdf
- Foucault, M. (1995). Discipline and punish: The birth of the prison (A. Sheridan, Trans.). New York, NY: Vintage Books. Retrieved from https://monoskop.org/images/4/43/Foucault_Michel_Discipline_and_Punish_The_Birth_of_the_Prison_1977_1995.pdf
- Goldie, J.S. (2016) Connectivism: A knowledge learning theory for the digital age? Medical Teacher, 38(10), 1064-1069. doi: 10.3109/0142159X.2016.1173661
- Gore, J.M. (1998). Disciplining bodies: On the continuity of power relations in pedagogy. In T.S. Popkewitz & M. Brennan (Eds.), Foucault’s challenge: Discourse, knowledge, and power in education (pp. 231-251). New York, NY: Teacher’s College, Columbia University.
- Halliday, M. (1978). Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. London, England: Edward Arnold.
- Hawkins, D. (1994). Constructivism: Some history. In P. Fensham, R. Gunstone, & R. White (Eds.), The content of science: A constructivist approach to its teaching and learning (pp. 9-13). Washington, D. C.: The Falmer Press.
- Holquist, M. (1990). Dialogism: Bakhtin and his world. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Hopkinson, G. (1999). Network identities and communication: Social constructivism and social constructionism compared. In D. McLoughlin & C. Horan (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th annual IMP conference: Interactions, relationships and networks: Towards the new millennium, 2-4 September 1999, University College, Dublin, Ireland (pp. 1-19). Retrieved from https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/uk-ac-man-scw:2n868
- Hui, Y. (2016). On the existence of digital objects. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Retrieved from https://sgp1.digitaloceanspaces.com/proletarian-library/My-library/Yuk%20Hui/On%20the%20Existence%20of%20Digital%20Objects%20%28Electronic%20Mediations%29%20%28455%29/On%20the%20Existence%20of%20Digital%20Objects%20%28Elect%20-%20Yuk%20Hui.pdf
- Kant, I. (2007). Critique of pure reason (N.K. Smith, Trans., Rev. ed.). New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. (Original work published 1787).
- Klein, J.T. (1990). Interdisciplinarity: History, theory, and practice. Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press.
- Kop, R. (2011). The challenges to connectivist learning on open online networks: Learning experiences during a massive open online course. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 12(3), 19-38. doi: 10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.882
- Kristeva, J. (1984). Revolution in poetic language (M. Waller, Trans.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press. Retrieved from https://www.scribd.com/document/338605955/Revolution-in-Poetic-Language-FULL
- Kristeva, J. (1986). The Kristeva reader (T. Moi, Ed.). New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
- Kuypers, J.A. (2010). Framing analysis from a rhetorical perspective. In P. D’Angelo & J.A. Kuypers (Eds.). Doing news framing analysis: Empirical and theoretical perspectives (pp. 286-311). New York, NY: Routledge.
- Lakoff, G., & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
- Landow, G.P. (1992). Hypertext: The convergence of contemporary critical theory and technology. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Lyotard, J.F. (1984). The postmodern condition: A report on knowledge (G. Bennington & B. Massumi, Trans.). United Kingdom: Manchester University Press. Retrieved from https://monoskop.org/images/e/e0/Lyotard_Jean-Francois_The_Postmodern_Condition_A_Report_on_Knowledge.pdf
- Manchester, P. (2003). Kant’s conception of architectonic in its historical context. Journal of the History of Philosophy, 41(2), 187-207. doi: 10.1353/hph.2003.0016
- Mattar, J. (2018). Constructivism and connectivism in education technology: Active, situated, authentic, experiential, and anchored learning. RIED: Revista Iberoamericana de Educación a Distancia, 21(2), 201-217. doi: 10.5944/ried.21.2.20055
- Matusov, E. (2007). Applying Bakhtin scholarship on discourse in education: A critical review essay. Educational Theory, 57(2), 215-237. doi: 10.1111/j.1741-5446.2007.00253.x
- Nelson, T.H. (1987). Computer lib/dream machine (2nd ed.). Seattle, WA: Tempus Books/Microsoft Press.
- Noddings, N. (1995). Philosophy of education. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
- Orr, M. (2003). Intertextuality: Debates and contexts. Cambridge, England: Polity.
- Peirce, C.S. (1955). Philosophical writings of Peirce (J. Buchler, Ed.). Mineola, NY: Dover.
- Picciano, A. (2019). Online education: Foundations, planning, and pedagogy. New York, NY: Routledge.
- Protopsaltis, S., & Baum, S. (2019). Does online education live up to its promise? A look at the evidence and implications for federal policy. Fairfax, VA: George Mason University. Retrieved from http://mason.gmu.edu/~sprotops/OnlineEd.pdf
- Ravenscroft, A. (2011). Dialogue and connectivism: A new approach to understanding and promoting dialogue-rich networked learning. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 12(3), 139-160. doi: 10.19173/irrodl.v12i3.934
- Short, T.L. (2007). Peirce’s theory of signs. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved from https://www.academia.edu/37765352/Book_T._L._Short_-_Peirces_Theory_of_Signs_2007_.pdf
- Shotter, J. (1993). Controversial realities: Constructing life through language. London, England: Sage.
- Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1). Retrieved from http://www.itdl.org/Journal/Jan_05/article01.htm
- Siemens, G. (2008). Learning and knowing in networks: Changing roles for educators and designers. Presentation to ITFORUM for discussion. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7658/e432ffc19798da8501bd2bee46123ea57618.pdf?ga=2.118171969.93439528.1588871786-935064647.1578767965
- Stiegler, B. (2016). The digital, education, and cosmopolitanism. Representations, 134(1), 157-164. doi: 10.1525/rep.2016.134.1.157
- Swain, M. (2006). Languaging, agency and collaboration in advanced language proficiency. In H. Byrnes (Ed.), Advanced language learning: The contribution of Halliday and Vygotsky (pp. 95-108). London, England: Continuum.
- Taylor, M.C. (2010). Crisis on campus: A bold plan for reforming our colleges and universities. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
- Usher, R., & Edwards, R. (1994). Postmodernism and education. London, England: Routledge.
- Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner, & E. Souberman, Eds.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Retrieved from http://ouleft.org/wp-content/uploads/Vygotsky-Mind-in-Society.pdf
- Vygotsky, L.S. (1986). Thought and language (A. Kozulin, Ed. & Trans.). Cambridge, MA: M.I.T. Press. Retrieved from http://s-f-walker.org.uk/pubsebooks/pdfs/Vygotsky_Thought_and_Language.pdf
- Watson, W. (1993). The architectonics of meaning: Foundations of the new pluralism. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.