Résumés
Abstract
The present study focused on examining different ways in which various coping strategies helped university students manage different types of stressful events and promote positive coping outcomes (e.g., coping effectiveness, emotions, health, and well-being) in their daily lives. The study adopted and tested an optimal matching model of stress and coping and used a repeated-assessment field approach. According to the participants’ descriptions and appraisals of events, daily hassles were classified into several groups: (a) academic stressors, (b) interpersonal stressors, (c) uncontrollable or less controllable stressful events, (d) controllable stressful events, and (e) stressful events damaging one’s self-esteem.Overall, the findings support the optimal matching model. A match or fit between the demand of a stressor and the function of a coping strategy tended to result in positive outcomes.A wider range of leisure coping strategies provided more positive outcomes for dealing with various types of daily hassles than general coping strategies (not directly associated with leisure) did. Some types of coping strategies (e.g., positive reinterpretation, leisure empowerment, and leisure mood enhancement) had a positive impact on managing all or many of the different types of stressful events experienced.
Résumé
Cette étude s’est penchée sur la façon dont diverses stratégies d’adaptation aident les étudiants à faire face au stress et sur les répercussions positives de ces stratégies (efficacité de la stratégie, émotions, santé et bien-être) dans leur vie quotidienne. Pour ce faire, les responsables de l’étude ont utilisé et mis à l’essai un modèle optimal d’appariement des sources de stress et des différentes stratégies d’adaptation au moyen d’une approche pratique à évaluations répétées. Les facteurs quotidiens de stress ont été regroupés en fonction des descriptions et de l’évaluation qu’en ont fait les participants : (a) facteurs académiques, (b) facteurs interpersonnels, (c) événements stressants imprévisibles ou peu prévisibles, (d) événements stressants prévisibles et (e) événements stressants qui affectent l’estime de soi. De façon générale, les résultats appuient le modèle optimal d’appariement. En effet, la correspondance entre les sources de stress et les fonctions des différentes stratégies a tendance à entraîner des répercussions positives. Aussi, un grand nombre de stratégies d’adaptation par le loisir se sont avérées plus efficaces pour gérer divers facteurs quotidiens de stress que les stratégies d’adaptation générales (non liées directement au loisir). Certaines stratégies d’adaptation (la réinterprétation positive, le renforcement de l’importance du loisir et l’amélioration de l’humeur au moyen du loisir, par exemple) ont eu des effets positifs sur la façon dont les participants ont pu gérer tous ou la majorité des événements stressants vécus.
Resumen
Este estudio se enfoca sobre la manera en que diversas estrategias de adaptación ayudan a los estudiantes a hacer frente al estrés así como sobre las repercusiones positivas de estas estrategias (eficacia de la estrategia, emociones, salud y bienestar) en su vida cotidiana. Para llevar a cabo esto, los responsables del estudio utilizaron y pusieron a prueba un modelo óptimo de apareamiento de las fuentes del estrés y de las diferentes estrategias de adaptación por medio de un enfoque práctico de evaluaciones repetidas. Los factores cotidianos del estrés se reagruparon en función de las descripciones y de la evaluación que hicieron los participantes : (a) factores académicos, (b) factores interpersonales, (c) sucesos creadores de estrés imprevisibles o poco previsibles, (d) sucesos creadores de estrés previsibles y (e) sucesos creadores de estrés que afectan la autoestima. De manera general, los resultados apoyan el modelo óptimo de apareamiento. De hecho, la correspondencia entre las fuentes de estrés y las funciones de las diferentes estrategias con tendencia a ocasionar repercusiones positivas. También, un gran número de estrategias de adaptación por el ocio se han revelado más eficaces para administrar diversos factores cotidianos de estrés que las estrategias de adaptación general (no ligadas directamente al ocio). Algunas estrategias de adaptación (la reinterpretación positiva, el fortalecimiento de la importancia del ocio y el mejoramiento del humor por medio del ocio, por ejemplo) han tenido efectos positivos sobre la manera de como los participantes han podido administrar todos o la mayoría de los sucesos creadores de estrés que han vivido.
Parties annexes
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