Résumés
Abstract
In Canada during the 1970s, 80s, and 90s, more than one thousand works – and about one hundred translations – were published on the topics of Quebec nationalism, independence movements, and sovereignty referendums, in both of Canada’s official languages. Despite the diversity of these publications, which included biographies, political analyses, and polemical essays, almost all the works touched on themes that have generated controversy in Canada. The paratexts in these translations are therefore an important resource that highlight perceived differences between the political opinions of Francophone and Anglophone readers. This article will analyze the paratexts in the English and French translations to show how the target language audience was encouraged to read a translation of a work that was very clearly not addressed to them, and which in some cases even criticized the very audience it now addressed. Finally, it will examine which features these English and French paratexts do and do not share, while trying to determine why these similarities and differences exist.
Keywords:
- political translation,
- narratives,
- paratexts,
- narrative frames,
- Canadian politics
Résumé
Au Canada, les années 1970, 1980 et 1990 ont donné lieu à la publication de plus de mille ouvrages – et une centaine de traductions – portant sur le nationalisme québécois, les mouvements indépendantistes ou les référendums sur la souveraineté, dans les deux langues officielles. Malgré la diversité de ces publications (biographies, analyses politiques, essais polémiques, ainsi de suite), presque tous ces ouvrages portaient sur des thèmes qui ont provoqué la controverse au Canada. Les paratextes qui se trouvent dans les traductions de ces textes sont donc une ressource importante qui éclaircit les différences perçues entre les opinions politiques des lecteurs anglophones et francophones. Cet article aura pour but d’analyser les paratextes dans les traductions anglaises et françaises de ces textes. On démontrera la façon dont les paratextes encourageaient les lecteurs du texte d’arrivée à lire la traduction d’un ouvrage qui n’était manifestement pas écrit pour eux et qui, parfois, était très critique envers eux. Enfin, on étudiera les caractéristiques partagées par les paratextes anglais et français, examinera les différences entre ces derniers, et tentera de déterminer pourquoi ces différences et ces similarités existent.
Mots-clés :
- traduction politique,
- récits,
- paratextes,
- encadrement,
- politique canadienne
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Baker, Mona (2006): Translation and Conflict: A Narrative Account. London: Routledge.
- Brisset, Annie (1989): In Search of a Target Language: The politics of Theatre Translation in Quebec. (Translated by Lynda Davey) Target. 1(1):9-27.
- Conway, Kyle (2011): Everyone says No: Public Service Broadcasting and the Failure of Translation. Montreal/Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Crisafulli, Edoardo (1996): The Translator as Textual Critic and the Potential of Transparent Discourse. The Translator. 5(1):83-107.
- Genette, Gérard (1987/2002): Seuils. Paris: Éditions du Seuil.
- Gill, Robert M. (1995): The 1995 referendum: A Quebec perspective. The American Review of Canadian Studies. 25(4):409-432.
- Ladouceur, Louise (2000): From Other Tongue to Mother Tongue in the Drama of Quebec and Canada. In: Sherry Simon and Paul St-Pierre, eds. Changing the Terms: Translating in the Postcolonial Era. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press, 207-226.
- Mezei, Kathy (1998): Bilingualism and Translation in/of Michèle Lalonde’s ‘Speak White.’ The Translator 4(2):229-247.
- Riessman, Catherine Kohler (1993): Narrative analysis. Newbury Park, California: Sage Publications.
- Simon, Sherry (1989): L’inscription sociale de la traduction au Québec. Québec: Office de la langue française.
- Simon, Sherry (2006): Translating Montreal: Episodes in the Life of a Divided City. Montreal/ Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Simpson, Jeffrey (20 July 1978): An analysis of the coverage by Quebec papers shows… French seldom read about the English. The Globe and Mail. 10.
- Somers, Margaret R. and Gibson, Gloria D. (1994): Reclaiming the Epistemological “Other”: Narrative and the Social Construction of Identity. In: Craig Calhoun, ed. Social Theory and the Politics of Identity. Cambridge/Oxford: Blackwell, 37-99.
- Trépanier, Anne (2001): Un discours à plusieurs voix: La grammaire du OUI en 1995. Laval: Presses de l’Université Laval.
- Vallières, Pierre (1971): White Niggers of America: The Percocious Autobiography of a Quebec “terrorist.” (Translated by Joan PINKHAM) New York: Monthly Review Press.
- Young, Katharine (2004): Frame and boundary in the phenomenology of narrative. In: Marie-Laure Ryan, ed. Narrative Across Media: The Languages of Storytelling. Lincoln/London: University of Nebraska Press, 76-107.