Résumés
Résumé
La néphropathie à immunoglobulines A (IgA) ou maladie de Berger est la plus fréquente des glomérulonéphrites primitives et une des premières causes d’insuffisance rénale terminale. Elle se caractérise par des dépôts mésangiaux de complexes d’IgA1 polymériques. Alors que l’épidémiologie et l’évolution clinique sont bien établies, les causes et mécanismes de cette affection restent inconnus. Les études biochimiques et moléculaires chez les patients ont montré une augmentation des concentrations sériques d’IgA polymériques et anormalement glycosylées. Ces modifications quantitatives et structurales des IgA jouent un rôle clé dans la genèse de la maladie en induisant des anomalies fonctionnelles des différents récepteurs des IgA: le RFcα (CD89) exprimé par les cellules sanguines circulantes et le récepteur de la transferrine (CD71) présent sur les cellules mésangiales. Les IgA anormales induisent la libération de CD89 soluble qui participe à la formation des complexes circulants contenant des IgA. Ces complexes se déposent secondairement dans le mésangium probablement par la fixation à un second récepteur, le CD71, surexprimé sur les cellules mésangiales des patients.
Summary
Immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy or Berger’s disease is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis in the world and one of the first cause of end-stage renal failure. IgA nephropathy is characterized by the accumulation in mesangial areas of immune complexes containing polymeric IgA1. While epidemiology and clinical studies of IgA nephropathy are well established, the mechanism(s) underlying disease development is poorly understood. The pathogenesis of this disease involves the deposition of polymeric and undergalactosylated IgA1 in the mesangium. Quantitative and structural changes of IgA1 play a key role in the development of the disease due to functional abnormalities of two IgA receptors: The FcαR (CD89) expressed by blood myeloid cells and the transferrin receptor (CD71) on mesangial cells. Abnormal IgA induce the release of soluble CD89 which is responsible for the formation of circulating IgA complexes. These complexes may be trapped by CD71 that is overexpressed on mesangial cells in IgA nephropathy patients allowing pathogenic IgA complex formation.
Parties annexes
Références
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