Résumés
Résumé
Le diagnostic pré-implantatoire (DPI) a pour objectif l’étude des caractéristiques génétiques d’un embryon âgé de trois jours. Il offre ainsi à des couples ayant un risque élevé de transmettre une maladie héréditaire une alternative au diagnostic prénatal (DPN). Si, au début de son application, les pathologies et les couples pris en charge ainsi que le cadre réglementaire du DPI étaient très proches de ceux du DPN, des indications propres au DPI émergent peu à peu. Les pathologies prises en charge, notamment, se diversifient, en particulier dans les pays où l’absence de réglementation autorise toutes les pratiques. Certaines de ces applications ne sont d’ailleurs pas sans poser de sérieux problèmes éthiques. Même en France, où cette activité est particulièrement encadrée, la récente modification de la loi reflète cette évolution.
Summary
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) purpose is to assess the genetic status of 3 day-old embryos. PGD offers thus to couples « at-risk » of a genetic disorder an earlier option to prenatal diagnosis (PND). At the beginning, PGD’s indications, patients and law were very closed to PND, but PGD specificities are gradually raising. Particularly, indications vary considerably in countries where the absence of law authorizes all the practices. Some of these applications are moreover raising serious ethical issues. Even in France, where this activity is particularly supervised, the recent modification to the law marks this evolution.
Parties annexes
Références
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