Résumés
Abstract
The effect of time of harvest (at 75, 50 and 25% of milkline) on the incidence of kernel-borne Fusarium spp. was examined in four silage corn (Zea mays) hybrids (MAIZEX Leafy 4, NK BRAND Enerfeast 1, PIONEER 37M81 and MYCOGEN TMF94) in Ottawa, Ontario, in 2001 and 2002. Eleven Fusarium species were isolated over the 2 yr. Fusarium subglutinans was the dominant species recovered from 28.8% of the kernels. Other frequently isolated species included F. oxysporum (2.6%), F. graminearum (2.5%), F. proliferatum (0.3%) and F. sporotrichioides (0.2%). Trace amounts (< 0.1%) of the remaining six species, F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti and F. solani, were recovered from the kernels. When the kernels were harvested at 75, 50 and 25% of milkline, the incidence of F. subglutinans increased from 20.9 to 26.7 and to 38.7%, respectively; that of F. graminearum increased from 1.7 to 2.9 and to 3.1%; and for the total of the five main Fusarium species it increased from 28.7 to 32.2 and to 42.3%. Incidence of the other species was not affected by harvesting date. Of the four silage corn hybrids, NK BRAND Enerfeast1 had a significantly lower incidence of Fusarium species in kernels than the other hybrids, indicating a genotypic variation in resistance to kernel-borne infection by Fusarium species.
Keywords:
- Corn,
- Fusarium spp.,
- silage,
- time of harvest,
- Zea mays
Résumé
L’effet de trois temps de récolte, correspondant à 75, 50 et 25 % de l’état laiteux, sur l’incidence des espèces de Fusarium a été étudié chez les grains de quatre hybrides de maïs (Zea mays) ensilage (MAIZEX Leafy 4, NK BRAND Enerfeast 1, PIONEER 37M81 et MYCOGEN TMF94) en 2001 et 2002 à Ottawa, en Ontario. Onze espèces de Fusarium ont été isolées pendant ces deux années. Le F. subglutinans a été l’espèce dominante, trouvée sur 28,8 % des grains. Les autres espèces détectées ont été les F. oxysporum (2,6 %), F. graminearum (2,5 %), F. proliferatum (0,3 %) et F. sporotrichioides (0,2 %). Des traces (< 0,1 %) des six autres espèces, les F. avenaceum, F. crookwellense, F. culmorum, F. equiseti et F. solani, ont aussi été détectées sur les grains. L’incidence du F. subglutinans a augmenté respectivement de 20,9 à 26,7 puis à 38,7 % en fonction du temps de récolte (75, 50 et 25 % de l’état laiteux), tandis qu’elle a augmenté de 1,7 à 2,8 puis à 3,1 % pour le F. graminearum et de 28,7 à 32,2 puis à 42,3 % pour les cinq espèces principales confondues. L’incidence des autres espèces n’a pas été affectée par les dates de récolte. Parmi les quatre hybrides à l’essai, l’hybride commercial NK BRAND Enerfeast1 a eu la plus basse incidence d’espèces de Fusarium dans le grain, ce qui indique qu’il existe une variation génotypique de la résistance des grains aux infections causées par les espèces de Fusarium.
Mots clés:
- Ensilage,
- Fusarium spp.,
- maïs,
- temps de récolte,
- Zea mays
Parties annexes
References
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