Résumés
Abstract
Larvae of the dusky wireworm, Agriotes obscurus, and the Pacific Coast wireworm, Limonius canus, were exposed to germinated, insecticide-treated wheat seeds in a soil-filled bioassay in 2005 and 2006. Position in the bioassay and contact and/or repellence behaviour towards the seeds were recorded every 5 min for 3 or 5 h. Wireworm health was recorded for 70 or 126 d after exposure. Seeds were treated with the fungicides Dividend XLRTA (difenoconazole, mefenoxam) or Raxil MD (tebuconazole, metalaxyl), and/or the insecticides Vitavax Dual (lindane), Poncho 600F (clothianidin), Cruiser 350FS (thiamethoxam), Admire 240FS (imidacloprid), Gaucho 480FL (imidacloprid), Tefluthrin 20CS (tefluthrin), or Tefluthrin-Cruiser combinations. Most wireworms (> 80%) came into contact with the seeds in all treatments. Wireworms generally remained in contact throughout the observation period in the control treatments (Dividend, Raxil, untreated seeds). Unless moribund, wireworms were repelled after brief (< 20 min) contact in all Tefluthrin treatments. Most wireworms recovered from contact-induced morbidity within 21 d and did not relapse, except L. canus exposed to Cruiser and some A. obscurus exposed to Gaucho and Admire. Wireworm mortality was low (< 50%) in all treatments except L. canus exposed to Cruiser at 15 and 30 g a.i. 100 kg-1 seed (60 and 75%, respectively). Mortality was significantly less important when L. canus larvae were exposed to Tefluthrin-Cruiser combinations than when exposed to Cruiser alone. We suggest that efficacy assessments of insecticides for wireworm control require direct observation of their behaviour and long-term post-exposure health assessments, and discuss the impact of repellence and/or morbidity elicited by insecticides on wireworm control in the field.
Keywords:
- Agriotes obscurus,
- insecticide,
- Limonius canus,
- repellence,
- seed treatments,
- wireworm
Résumé
Des larves du taupin obscur, Agriotes obscurus, et du taupin du Pacifique, Limonius canus, ont été exposées à des semences de blé germées et traitées à l’insecticide dans un dispositif-fenêtre rempli de terre en 2005 et en 2006. La position des larves ainsi que leur comportement envers les semences (contact ou répulsion) ont été observés toutes les 5 min durant 3 ou 5 h. La santé des larves a été observée durant 70 ou 126 j après l’exposition. Les semences ont été traitées avec les fongicides Dividend XLRTA (difénoconazole, méfénoxame) ou Raxil MD (tébuconazole, métalaxyle), ou encore avec les insecticides Vitavax Dual (lindane), Poncho 600F (clothianidine), Cruiser 350FS (thiaméthoxame), Admire 240FS (imidaclopride), Gaucho 480FL (imidaclopride), Tefluthrin 20CS (téfluthrine), ou une combinaison Tefluthrin-Cruiser. La plupart des vers fil-de-fer (> 80 %) sont entrés en contact avec les semences dans tous les traitements. Ils sont généralement demeurés en contact avec les semences durant toute la période d’observation dans les traitements témoins (Dividend, Raxil, semences non traitées). Les larves ont été repoussées après un bref contact (< 20 min) dans tous les traitements de Tefluthrin, sauf si elles étaient moribondes. La majorité des vers fil-de-fer se sont remis de la morbidité induite par le contact avec les semences à l’intérieur de 21 h et n’ont pas fait de rechute, à l’exception des larves de L. canus exposées au Cruiser et de quelques larves de A. obscurus exposées aux insecticides Gaucho et Admire. Le taux de mortalité était bas (< 50 %) dans tous les traitements sauf pour les larves de L. canus exposées au Cruiser à 15 et 30 g m.a. 100 kg-1 graine (60 et 75 %, respectivement). Le taux de mortalité était significativement plus bas lorsque les larves de L. canus étaient exposées à des combinaisons Tefluthrin-Cruiser que lorsqu’elles étaient exposées seulement au Cruiser. Ces résultats suggèrent que pour évaluer l’efficacité des insecticides à lutter contre les populations de vers fil-de-fer, une observation directe de leur comportement ainsi qu’une évaluation à long terme de leur état de santé sont nécessaires. L’impact de la répulsion et de la morbidité causées par les insecticides sur la lutte aux vers fil-de-fer dans les champs est également abordé.
Mots clés:
- Agriotes obscurus,
- insecticide,
- Limonius canus,
- répulsion,
- taupin,
- traitements de semences
Parties annexes
References
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