Résumés
Résumé
La majorité des enfants franchissent les différentes étapes du développement psychosexuel de façon saine. Toutefois, certains enfants dévient de cette trajectoire et manifestent des comportements sexuels problématiques (CSP). Cette recension systématique a pour objectif de déterminer quels sont les facteurs individuels, familiaux et sociaux qui distinguent les enfants de 12 ans et moins qui présentent des CSP de ceux qui n’en présentent pas. La méthode utilisée s’appuie sur celle proposée par le Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD, 2008), reconnue comme étant une pratique exemplaire pour mener une recension systématique (Tacconelli, 2010). Une recherche d’identification des études primaires a permis de repérer 2585 références, dont 18 études portant sur les facteurs associés aux CSP qui ont été sélectionnées en fonction de critères préalablement définis. Malgré les nombreuses limites méthodologiques des études, les résultats indiquent que les enfants manifestant des CSP présentent systématiquement davantage de difficultés ou d’éléments d’adversité comparativement aux enfants ne manifestant pas ce type de comportement, et ce, dans plusieurs domaines de risque du modèle théorique proposé dans le cadre de cet article (caractéristiques individuelles prédisposant aux problèmes de comportement, stresseurs affectant les parents à fournir des soins optimaux, pratiques parentales coercitives, perturbation du développement psychosexuel et qualité de l’attachement). La prise en compte de ces domaines est primordiale pour éclairer l’évaluation et l’intervention auprès des enfants manifestant des CSP.
Mots-clés :
- comportements sexuels problématiques,
- enfants,
- facteurs associés,
- recension systématique
Abstract
The majority of children pass through the stages of psychosexual development in a healthy way. Some children, however, deviate from this path and exhibit sexual behavior problems (SBP). This systematic review identified the individual, family and social factors that distinguish children under 12 years of age who exhibit SBP from those who do not. Using the method proposed by the Centre for Reviews and Dissemination (CRD, 2008), recognized as a best practice to conduct a systematic review (Tacconelli, 2010), a search identified 2,585 primary studies. Of these, 18 studies on the factors associated with the development of SBP were selected according to predetermined criteria. Despite the many methodological limitations of the studies, the results indicate that children exhibiting SBP show systematically more adversity in several risk areas of the proposed theoretical model (individual characteristics predisposing to behavioral problems, stressors affecting parents to provide optimal care, coercive parenting practices, disturbance of psychosexual development and quality of attachment), compared to children not exhibiting SBP. The inclusion of these areas is crucial to inform the assessment and intervention with children exhibiting SBP.
Keywords:
- sexual behavior problems,
- children,
- associated factors,
- systematic review
Parties annexes
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