Résumés
Abstract
The paradigm of the prisca theologia, developed by Marsilio Ficino in the second half of the fifteenth century, had a huge influence throughout the early modern period. Its influence on the Reformation debates, however, has not yet been investigated. In the present article, I make an initial contribution to filling this gap. In the first part, I show that theprisca theologia was widely disseminated in the territories of the Holy Roman Empire at the beginning of the sixteenth century, including at the University of Erfurt where Martin Luther was educated. In the second half, I focus on two figures central to the Reformation debates: Johann Eck and Martin Luther. As I show, Eck had an ambivalent attitude towards theprisca theologia: on the one hand, he aimed to reconcile the scholastic tradition with the ancient doctrines of theprisci theologi; on the other hand, he distanced himself from the Hermetic and magical implications of theprisca theologia. Luther, meanwhile, developed an anti-paradigm to Ficino’s prisca theologia: he argued that the improper mixing of black and white magic was born in Persia and then developed in Egypt and Greece.
Keywords:
- Prisca theologia,
- Marsilio Ficino,
- Martin Luther,
- Johann Eck,
- Hermeticism,
- Reformation
Résumé
Le paradigme de la prisca theologia, développé par Marsile Ficin dans la seconde moitié du XVe siècle, a eu une influence considérable sur le début de la période moderne. Cependant, son influence sur les débats de la Réforme n’a pas encore été étudiée. Dans le présent article, j’apporte une première contribution pour combler cette lacune. Dans la première partie de l’article, je montre que la prisca theologia était largement diffusée dans les territoires du Saint-Empire romain germanique au début du XVIe siècle, y compris à l’université d’Erfurt où Martin Luther a fait ses études. Ensuite, je me concentre sur deux figures centrales des débats sur la Réforme : Johann Eck et Martin Luther. Eck a une attitude ambivalente à l’égard de laprisca theologia : d’une part, il cherche à réconcilier la tradition scolastique avec les anciennes doctrines des prisci theologi ; d’autre part, il prend ses distances avec les implications hermétiques et magiques de laprisca theologia. Luther développe un anti-paradigme à laprisca theologia de Ficin : il soutient que le mélange inapproprié de magie noire et blanche est né en Perse et s’est ensuite développé en Égypte et en Grèce.
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Bibliography
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