Résumés
Résumé
Cet article propose une synthèse des principales données expérimentales à propos des capacités sociocognitives des adolescents, obtenues sur le plan comportemental et cérébral. Il se cible sur un ensemble de concepts voisins de la mentalisation (théorie de l’esprit, empathie, traitement des visages et des aspects liés à soi) qui ont l’avantage de permettre une opérationnalisation de ses différentes dimensions. Il propose que l’adolescent évolue vers une plus grande spécialisation et intégration de certaines dimensions spécifiques de la mentalisation. Des pistes de recherches futures sont discutées.
Mots-clés :
- mentalisation,
- fonction réflexive,
- cognition sociale,
- adolescence,
- développement
Abstract
This article summarizes the main experimental data that have examined social cognition capacities in adolescence, from a behavioural and a neuroscientific vantage. It focuses on several mechanisms (i.e. theory of mind, empathy, facial and self-related processes) that have been pointed out as relevant for operationalizing the dimensions of the mentalization construct. We propose that adolescence may be characterized as a relevant period for the specialization and integration of particular mentalization dimensions. We conclude in underlying future research avenue.
Keywords:
- mentalization,
- reflective functioning,
- social cognition,
- adolescence,
- development
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Badoud, D., Menghetti, S., Eliez, S., & Debbané, M. (2016). Evaluating the links between mentalization, empathy and perspective-taking and their relevance to borderline personality features. Manuscrit soumis pour publication.
- Baron-Cohen, S., Golan, O., Chakrabarti, B., & Belmonte, M. K. (2008). Social cognition and autism spectrum conditions. In C. Sharp, P. Fonagy, & I. Goodyer (Éds), Social cognition and developmental Psychopathology. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
- Belsky, J. (1997). Variation in susceptibility to rearing influences: An evolutionary argument. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 182-186.
- Blakemore, S. J. (2008). The social brain in adolescence. Neuroscience, 9(4), 267-277. doi: 10.1038/nrn2353
- Bleiberg, E., Rossouw, T., & Fonagy, P. (2012). Adolescent breakdown and emerging borderline personality disorder. In W. Bateman & P. Fonagy (Éds), Handbook ofmentalizing in mental health practice (p. 463-511). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Bosco, F., Gabbatore, I., & Tirassa, M. (2014). A broad assessment of theory of mind in adolescence: The complexity of mindreading. Consciousness and Cognition, 24, 84-97. doi : 10.1016/j.concog.2014.01.003
- Brizio, A., Gabbatore, I., Tirassa, M., & Bosco, F. M. (2015). “No more a child, not yet an adult”: studying social cognition in adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 6.
- Burnett, S., Bird, G., Moll, J., Frith, C., & Blakemore, S. J. (2009). Development during adolescence of the neural processing of social emotion. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 21(9), 1736-1750. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2009.21121
- Casey, B. J., Jones, R. M., & Hare, T. A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1124, 111-126.
- Choi-Kain, L. W., & Gunderson, J. G. (2008). Mentalization: ontogeny, assessment, and application in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 165(9), 1127-1135. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07081360
- Clemmensenm, L., van Os, J., Skovgaard, A.M., Vaever, M., Blijd-Hoogewys, E. M. A., Bartels-Velthuis A. A., et al. (2014). Hyper-Theory-of-Mind in Children with Psychotic Experiences. PLoS ONE 9(11), e113082.
- Crone, E. A., & Ridderinkhof, K. R. (2011). The developing brain: From theory to neuroimaging and back. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(2), 101-109. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2010.12.001
- Debbané, M. (2016). Mentaliser : de la théorie à la pratique clinique. Belgique : De Boeck.
- Debbané, M., Vrticka, P., Lazouret, M., Badoud, D., Sander, D., & Eliez, S. (2014). Self-reflection and positive schizotypy in the adolescent brain. Schizophrenia Research, 152(1), 65–72. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2013.06.027
- Decety, J., & Jackson, P. L. (2004). The functional architecture of human empathy. Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews, 3(2), 71-100. doi: 10.1177/1534582304267187
- Decety, J., & Michalska, K. J. (2010). Neurodevelopmental changes in the circuits underlying empathy and sympathy from childhood to adulthood. DevelopmentalScience, 13(6), 886-899. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00940.x
- Decety, J., & Svetlova, M. (2012). Putting together phylogenetic and ontogenetic perspectives on empathy. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, 1-24. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2011.05.003
- Derks, J., Van Scheppingen, M. A., Lee, N. C., & Krabbendam, L. (2015). Trust and mindreading in adolescents: the moderating role of social value orientation. Frontiers in Psychology, 6.
- Dumontheil, I., Apperly, I. A., & Blakemore, S. J. (2010). Online usage of theory of mind continues to develop in late adolescence. Developmental Science, 13(2), 331-338. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00888.x
- Dumontheil, I., Hillebrandt, H., Apperly, I. A., & Blakemore, S. J. (2012). Developmental differences in the control of action selection by social information. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 24(10), 2080-2095. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00268
- Epley, N., Morewedge, C. K., & Keysar, B. (2004). Perspective taking in children and adults: Equivalent egocentrism but differential correction. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 40(6), 760-768. doi: 10.1016/J.Jesp.2004.02.002
- Erikson, E. (1968). Adolescence et crise. La quête d'identité. Paris : Flammarion.
- Fonagy, P., Bateman, A., & Luyten, P. (2012). Introduction and overview. In A. Bateman & P. Fonagy (Éds), Handbook of mentalizing in mental health practice (p. 3-42). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Pub.
- Fonagy, P., Gergely, G., Jurist, E. L., & Target, M. (2002). Affect regulation, mentalization, and the development of the self. New York, NY: Other Press.
- Fonagy, P., & Luyten, P. (2009). A developmental, mentalization-based approach to the understanding and treatment of borderline personality disorder. Development and Psychopathology, 21(4), 1355-1381. doi: 10.1017/S0954579409990198
- Frick, P. J., & White, S. F. (2008). Research review: The importance of callous-unemotional traits for developmental models of aggressive and antisocial behavior. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 359-375. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01862.x
- Friston, K.J., Daunizeau, J., Kilner, J., & Kiebel, S. J. (2010). Action and behavior: a free-energy formulation. Biological Cybernetics, 102, 227-260.
- George, C., Kaplan, N., & Main, M. (1985). Adult attachment interview. University of California, Berkley. Manuscrit inédit.
- Goddings, A. L., Burnett Heyes, S., Bird, G., Viner,. R. M., & Blakemore, S. J. (2012). The relationship between puberty and social emotion processing. Developmental Science, 15, 801-811. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2012.01174.x
- Gogtay, N., & Thomson, P. M. (2010). Mapping gray matter development: implications for typical development and vulnerability to psychopathology. Brain and Cognition, 72, 6. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.08.009
- Güroglu, B., van den Bos, W., & Crone, E. A. (2009). Neural correlates of social decision making and relationships: A developmental perspective. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1167(1), 197-206. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04502.x
- Güroglu, B., van den Bos, W., van Dijk, E., Rombouts, S. A., & Crone, E. A. (2011). Dissociable brain networks involved in development of fairness considerations: Understanding intentionality behind unfairness. Neuroimage, 57(2), 634-641. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.04.032
- Grühn, D., Rebucal, K., Diehl, M., Lumley, M., & Labouvie-Vief, G. (2008). Empathy across the adult lifespan: Longitudinal and experience-sampling findings. Emotion, 8, 753-765.
- Gunther Moor, B., Macks, Z. A., Güroglu, B., Rombouts, S. A., Molen, M. W., & Crone E. A. (2011). Neurodevelopmental changes of reading the mind in the eyes. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7, 44-52. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsr020
- Guyer, A. E., Choate, V. R., Pine, D. S., & Nelson, E. E. (2012). Neural circuitry underlying affective response to peer feedback in adolescence. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7(1), 81-92. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsr043
- Guyer, A. E., Monk, C. S., McClure-Tone, E. B., Nelson, E. E., Roberson-Nay, R., Adler, A. D., et al. (2008). A developmental examination of amygdala response to facial expressions. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 20(9), 1565-1582. doi: 10.1162/jocn.2008.20114
- Ha, C., Sharp, C., Ensink, K., Fonagy, P., & Cirino, P. (2013). The measurement of reflective function in adolescents with and without borderline traits. Journal of Adolescence, 36(6), 1215-1223. doi: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.09.008
- Happé, F., & Frith, U. (2014). Annual research review: towards a developmental neuroscience of atypical social cognition. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 55(6), 553-577.
- Hare, T. A., Tottenham, N., Galvan, A., Voss, H. U., Glover, G. H., & Casey, B. J. (2008). Biological substrates of emotional reactivity and regulation in adolescence during an emotional go-nogo task. Biological Psychiatry, 63(10), 927-934.
- Hauser, S. T., Allen, J. P., & Golden, E. (2006). Out of the woods. Tales of resilient teens. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.s
- Havighurst, R. J. (1972). Developmental tasks and education. New York, NY: David McKay.
- Heller, A. S., & Casey, B. J. (2015). The neurodynamics of emotion: delineating typical and atypical emotional processes during adolescence. Developmental Science, n/a–n/a. http://doi.org/10.1111/desc.123739
- Horning, S. M., Cornwell, R. E., & Davis, H. P. (2012). The recognition of facial expressions: An investigation of the influence of age and cognition. Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 19(6), 657-676. doi: 10.1080/13825585.2011.645011
- Jankowski, K. F., Moore, W. E., Merchant, J. S., Kahn, L. E., & Pfeifer, J. H. (2014). But do you think I'm cool? Developmental differences in striatal recruitment during direct and reflected social self-evaluations. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 8, 40-54. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2014.01.00
- Jeammet, P., & Corcos, M. (2010). Evolution des problématiques à l'adolescence: L'émergence de la dépendance et ses aménagements. Paris : Doin.
- Keulers, E. H., Evers, E. A., Stiers, P., & Jolles, J. (2010). Age, sex, and pubertal phase influence mentalizing about emotions and actions in adolescents. Developmental Neuropsychology, 35(5), 555-569. doi: 10.1080/87565641.201.494920
- Killgore, W. D., Oki, M., & Yurgelun-Todd, D. A. (2001). Sex-specific developmental changes in amygdala responses to affective faces. Neuroreport, 12(2), 427-433. doi: 10.1097/00001756-200102120-00047
- Klapwijk, E. T., Goddings, A. L., Burnett Heyes, S., Bird, G., Viner, R. M., & Blakemore, S. J. (2013). Increased functional connectivity with puberty in the mentalising network involved in social emotion processing. Hormones and Behavior, 64(2), 314-322. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.03.012
- Kuhn, D. (2009). Adolescent thinking. In M. Lerner & L. Steinberg (Éds), Handbook of adolescent psychology (3e éd., vol. 1, p. 152-186). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
- Lawrence, K., Campbell, R., & Skuse, D. (2015). Age, gender, and puberty influence the development of facial emotion recognition. Frontiers in Psychology, 6.
- Le Breton, D. (2005). Le corps, la limite: signes d’identité à l’adolescence. In C. Bromberger, P. Duret, J. C. Kaufmann, F. de Singly, & G. Vigarello (Éds.), Un corps pour soi (p.89-114). Paris : PUF.
- Lecours, S., & Bouchard, M. (1997). Dimensions of mentalisation : outlining levels of psychic transformation. International Journal of Psychoanalysis, 78, 855-875.
- Leist, T., & Dadds, M. R. (2009). Adolescents' ability to read different emotional faces relates to their history of maltreatment and type of psychopathology. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 14, 237-250.
- Lerner, R. M., & Spanier, G. B. (1980). Adolescent development: A life-span perspective. New-York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
- Luyten, P., Fonagy, P., Lowyck, B., & Vermote, R. (2012). Assessment of mentalization. In A. W. Bateman & P. Fonagy (Éds), Handbook of mentalizing in mental healthpractice (p. 43-66). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.
- Masten, C. L., Eisenberger, N. I., Borofsky, L. A., McNealy, K., Pfeifer, J. H., & Dapretto, M. (2011). Subgenual anterior cingulate responses to peer rejection : A marker of adolescents’risk for depression. Development and Psychopathology, 23, 283-292.
- McGivern, R. F., Andersen, J., Byrd, D., Mutter, K. L., & Reilly, J. (2002). Cognitive efficiency on a match to sample task decreases at the onset of puberty in children. Brain Cognition, 50(1), 73-89. doi: 10.1016/S0278-2626(02)00012-X
- Mutlu, A. K., Schneider, M., Debbané, M., Badoud, D., Eliez, S., & Schaer, M. (2013). Sex differences in thickness, and folding developments throughout the cortex. Neuroimage, 82, 200-207. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.076
- Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., de Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., & Panksepp, J. (2006). Self-referential processing in our brain: A meta-analysis of imaging studies on the self. Neuroimage, 31(1), 440-457. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.12.002
- Overgaauw, S., Güroglu, B., Rieffe, C., & Crone, E. A. (2014). Behavior and neural correlates of empathy in adolescence. Developmental Neuroscience, 36, 210-219.
- Overgaauw, S., van Duijvenvoorde, A. C., Gunther Moor, B., & Crone, E. A. (2015). A longitudinal analysis of neural regions involved in reading the mind in the eyes. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 10(5), 619-627. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsu095
- Paus, T. (2010). Growth of white matter in the adolescent brain: Myelin or axon? Brain and Cognition, 72(1), 26-35. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2009.06.002
- Pfeifer, J. H., Kahn, L. E., Merchant, J. S., Peake, S. J., Veroude, K., Masten, C. L., et al. (2013). Longitudinal change in the neural bases of adolescent social self-evaluations: Effects of age and pubertal development. Journal of Neuroscience, 33(17), 7415-7419. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4074-12.2013
- Pfeifer, J. H., Masten, C. L., Borofsky, L. A., Dapretto, M., Fuligni, A. J., & Lieberman, M. D. (2009). Neural correlates of direct and reflected self-appraisals in adolescents and adults: When social perspective-taking informs self-perception. Child Development, 80(4), 1016-1038. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01314.x
- Pfeifer J., H., & Peake, S.J. (2012). Self-development: integrating cognitive, socio-emotional, and neuroimaging perspectives. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 2, 55–69.
- Sameroff, A. J., & Fiese, B. H. (2000). Transactional regulation: The developmental ecology of early intervention. In J. P. Shonkoff & S. J. Meisels (Éds), Handbook of early childhood intervention (p. 135-139). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press
- Satpute, A. B., & Lieberman, M. D. (2006). Integrating automatic and controlled processes into neurocognitive models of social cognition. Brain Research, 1079(1), 86-97. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2006.01.005
- Sebastian, C., Burnett, S., & Blakemore, S.J. (2008). Development of the self-concept during adolescence. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 12, 441-446.
- Sebastian, C. L., Fontaine, N. M., Bird, G., Blakemore, S. J., Brito, S. A., McCrory, E. J., et al. (2012). Neural processing associated with cognitive and affective theory of mind in adolescents and adults. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 7(1), 53-63. doi: 10.1093/scan/nsr023
- Sharp, C. (2014). The social-cognitive basis of BPD: A theory of hypermentalizing. In C. Sharp & J. L. Tackett (Éds), Handbook of borderline personality disorder in children and adolescents (p. 211-228). New York, NY: Springer.
- Stortelder, F., & Ploegmakers-Burg, M. (2010). Adolescence and the reorganization of infant development: A neuro-psychoanalytic model. Journal of the American Academy of Psychoanalysis and Dynamic Psychiatry, 38(3), 503-531. doi: 10.1521/jaap.2010.38.3.503
- Sutter, M., & Kocher, M. G. (2007). Trust and trustworthiness across different age groups. Games and Economic Behavior, 59(2), 364-382. doi: 10.1016/j.geb.2006.07.006
- Taubner, S., White, L. O., Zimmermann, J., Fonagy, P., & Nolte, T. (2013). Attachment related mentalization moderates the relationship between psychopathic traits and proactive aggression in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(6), 929-938. doi: 10.1007/s10802-013-9736-x
- van den Bulk, B. G., Koolschinj, P. C., Meens, P. H., van Lang, N. D., van der Wee, N. J., Rombouts, S. A., et al. (2013). How stable is activation in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex in adolescence? A study of emotional face processing across three measurements. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 4, 65-76. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2012.09.005
- van der Graaff, J., Branje, S., de Wied, M., Hawk, S., van Lier, P., & Meeus, W. (2014). Perspective taking and empathic concern in adolescence: Gender differences in developmental changes. Developmental Psychology, 50(3), 881-888. doi: 10.1037/a0034325
- Vetter, N. C., Altgassen, M., Phillips, L., Mahy, C. E., & Kliegel, M. (2013). Development of affective theory of mind across adolescence: Disentangling the role of executive functions. Developmental Neuropsychology, 38(2), 114-125. doi: 10.1080/87565641.2012.733786
- Vrticka, P., Sander, D., Anderson, B., Badoud, D., Eliez, S., & Debbané, M. (2014). Social feedback processing from early to late adolescence: influence of sex, age, and attachment style. Brain and Behavior, 4(5), 703–720. doi.org/10.1002/brb3.251