Résumés
Résumé
Le soi est malléable et capable d’intégrer de nouvelles identités sociales. Des recherches ont démontré que la participation à un nouveau groupe social prédit une plus forte identification à ce dernier. Par contre, ces recherches n’expliquent pas les mécanismes psychologiques responsables de cette identification accrue ainsi que ses conséquences sur l’identité d’origine. Dans cet article, nous proposons un modèle théorique qui caractérise ces éléments. Nous proposons que la participation à un nouveau groupe active 1) le besoin de cohérence et 2) la perception de typicalité. Ces deux mécanismes mènent à une plus forte identification à la nouvelle culture. Cette plus forte identification au nouveau groupe social peut être associée soit positivement (c.-à-d., patron additif) soit négativement (c.-à-d., patron soustractif) à l’identification au groupe d’origine. Dans ce modèle théorique, nous proposons que la relation entre la nouvelle identité et l’identité d’origine dépende du statut et des similarités perçues. Lorsque de grandes différences sont perçues et que le nouveau groupe est vu comme ayant un fort statut, une relation négative est attendue.
Mots-clés :
- intégration des identités,
- participation dans la nouvelle culture,
- patron d’identification,
- différences culturelles
Abstract
The self is a malleable structure, capable of integrating new social identities. Research shows that participating in a new group predicts stronger identification with this group. However, previous literature does not specify the psychological mechanisms that could be responsible for this increase in identification with the new group, nor its consequences on the identity of origin. In the current article, we present a theoretical model in order to account for these missing explanations. More specifically, we propose that participating in a new group will activate 1) the need for coherence and 2) the perception of prototypicality. These two mechanisms promote stronger identification with the new cultural group. This stronger identification can, in turn, either be positively (i.e., an additive pattern) or negatively (i.e., a subtractive pattern) associated with the group of origin. In the current theoretical model, we propose that the relation between the new identity and the identity of origin depends on the perceived status and the perceived similarities between the groups. When great differences between groups are perceived, and when the new group is seen as having a high status, we expect a negative relation between identities to emerge.
Keywords:
- identity integration,
- participating in the new culture,
- identification patterns,
- cultural differences
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