Résumés
Résumé
L’intéroception, correspondant à la capacité de prendre conscience des sensations corporelles (SC) et réponses physiologiques, est supposée jouer un rôle majeur dans l’émergence de la réponse anxieuse. Chez les adultes, différentes études ont montré une altération des processus intéroceptifs en lien avec l’anxiété, qui s’associe à une sensibilité intéroceptive accrue et, paradoxalement, à une surestimation de l’activité physiologique du corps. Dans la mesure où les modèles cognitifs de l’anxiété insistent sur le rôle de ces processus dans l’étiologie et le maintien de l’anxiété et des troubles anxieux, l’étude de ces processus chez l’enfant souffrant d’anxiété est de premier intérêt. Dans cette revue empirique, nous nous intéresserons à la conscience que l’enfant anxieux a de ses SC et au rôle que celle-ci joue dans la pathogenèse du trouble. Dans la mesure où l’intéroception s’appuie sur la conscience de l’expérience physiologique et notamment des réponses cardiovasculaires, nous commencerons par présenter les données relatives à la réactivité cardiaque dans les troubles anxieux pédiatriques. Après une mise au point conceptuelle, nous synthétiserons ensuite les connaissances actuelles provenant des études ayant investigué les processus intéroceptifs chez l’enfant anxieux. Nous conclurons ce travail par une série de propositions pour les recherches futures.
Mots-clés :
- intéroception,
- troubles anxieux pédiatriques,
- flexibilité autonomique,
- arythmie respiratoire sinusale,
- rythme cardiaque,
- cognition
Abstract
Objectives This review aims to summarize the data relative to objective and subjective measures of body responses in children and adolescents with anxiety.
Methods We reviewed 24 studies measuring (1) cardiac responses and (2) interoceptive processes in children and adolescents with anxiety.
Results Anxious children and adolescents generally do not differ from their non-anxious peers on their cardiac parameters and objective physiological reactivity to stressful events but some results suggest a reduced autonomic flexibility in pediatric anxiety related to chronic anxiety. Moreover, anxiety does not alter the interoceptive accuracy, but youths with anxiety misinterpret the intensity and the visibility of their symptoms.
Conclusion Interoception are biased in pediatric anxiety and further studies are needed to provide information about the role of perceptive, attentional, and interpretative processes in these biases, as well as determine the respective influence of anxiety type and symptoms intensity.
Keywords:
- interoception,
- childhood anxiety disorders,
- autonomic flexibility,
- respiratory sinus arrhythmia,
- heart rate,
- cognition
Parties annexes
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