Résumés
Résumé
Le développement d’un problème de santé mentale affecte les étudiants de niveau postsecondaire sur tous les plans et peut mettre leur santé, voire leur survie, en péril. Les problèmes vécus pourraient être atténués, ou même évités dans certains cas, en intervenant plus tôt. Les stratégies en prévention et en promotion de la santé mentale mises de l’avant dans les établissements d’enseignement postsecondaire offrent les plus belles possibilités de rejoindre un grand nombre de jeunes adultes. Cependant, malgré l’intérêt grandissant pour de telles initiatives en milieu scolaire, les méta-analyses et les revues des écrits scientifiques recensés mettent en lumière les difficultés reliées à l’évaluation des stratégies utilisées et aux possibilités de répliquer les interventions, particulièrement en ce qui a trait à la promotion. Les stratégies les plus efficaces sur le plan de l’amélioration de la santé mentale semblent être associées à la supervision d’exercices en lien avec l’intervention telles que les exercices de pleine conscience (mindfulness), les techniques cognitives-comportementales, la relaxation et le développement d’habiletés sociales. Par ailleurs, même si elles présentent une plus grande hétérogénéité, les études impliquant une aide technologique (Web, ordinateur, etc.) démontrent des résultats favorables lorsqu’elles utilisent l’approche cognitive comportementale.
Mots-clés :
- santé mentale,
- prévention,
- promotion,
- université,
- collège
Abstract
Recent studies inform of increases in reported mental health problems in higher education students worldwide, with suicide and homicide being the most dramatic outcomes. Improving first-hand intervention and implementing mental health prevention and promotion strategies in colleges and universities are amongst the most commonly mentioned means of addressing these concerns. While institutions increasingly favor mental health promotion, most programs have not been properly evaluated and most strategies cannot be replicated. The article analyses results obtained from literature reviews and meta-analysis focusing on mental health prevention and promotion strategies targeting college and university students. Mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral and relaxation strategies, as well as social ability training, appeared to be the most effective if they were practiced under supervision. The implementation of supervised mental health prevention strategies within a setting-based systematic and multifactorial promotion frame could significantly decrease mental health problems in higher education students.
Keywords:
- mental health,
- prevention,
- promotion,
- university,
- college
Parties annexes
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