Résumés
Abstract
This paper examines how the development of translation practice under the influence of Buddhism, and also in the late Qing (1890-1911), serve to highlight two neglected areas of research in Translation Studies. First, there is the issue of the extent to which translation is a collaborative process. In both time periods, collaboration among 2 to 1000 people was the norm. Yet the models proposed in “classic” Translation Studies in the twentieth century theorized the translation process as being accomplished by a lone individual. The recent growth of translation companies has shown that collaboration is still common today, yet this remains a “black hole” in terms of research. Second, in both periods in China, relay translation through “pivot” languages played a vital role in the translation process. Again, this is a phenomenon that has been downplayed in Translation Studies; relay has been seen as a necessary evil, in a sense replicating the stigma attached to translation itself. These two phenomena thus deserve further study and have implications for translation pedagogy.
Keywords:
- China,
- relay translation,
- collaborative translation,
- history of translation,
- translation pedagogy
Résumé
L’étude des pratiques de traduction en usage pendant deux périodes de l’histoire chinoise – la première lors de l’influence du bouddhisme et la deuxième vers la fin de la dynastie Qing (1890-1911) – révèle que la traductologie a négligé deux domaines de recherche. Il s’agit tout d’abord de la traduction comme pratique collective. Durant les deux périodes précitées, la traduction résultait de la collaboration d’au moins deux et jusqu’à mille personnes. Telle était la norme. Or, les théories développées au XXe siècle par la traductologie « classique » représentent la traduction comme une pratique individuelle. La multiplication récente des entreprises de traduction prouve que la pratique collaborative reste courante, sans attirer pour autant l’attention des chercheurs. C’est ensuite la traduction-relais passant par des langues « pivots » qui, durant les deux mêmes périodes de l’histoire chinoise, a joué un rôle essentiel dans le processus de traduction. La traductologie a également négligé ce phénomène. Le relais, ou recours à une traduction intermédiaire, a été vu comme un mal nécessaire, reproduisant en quelque sorte le stigmate imposé à la traduction elle-même. Ces deux phénomènes méritent d’être approfondis étant donné aussi leurs implications pour la pédagogie de traduction.
Mots-clés :
- Chine,
- traduction-relais,
- traduction collective,
- histoire de la traduction,
- pédagogie de la traduction
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
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