Résumés
Résumé
Afin de répondre aux nécessités de l’intensification agricole dont dépend leur survie, les petits exploitants thaïlandais font un usage croissant des pesticides. Sur la base d’une enquête quantitative et qualitative réalisée en août 2019 auprès de cent agriculteurs de deux villages de la province de Khon Kaen, et des résultats de tests réalisés à grande échelle par les services de santé publique thaïlandais, l’auteur met en lumière l’impact des pesticides sur la santé des petits exploitants, ainsi que la perception qu’ils ont des risques sanitaires et environnementaux importants auxquels les expose l’emploi massif de ces produits. L’article examine aussi les réponses variées que les agriculteurs apportent aux incitations gouvernementales à la transition écologique, suivant le régime de contraintes auxquels ils sont soumis, dans un contexte d’accidents climatiques répétés à fort impact sur les rendements et de fluctuation très importantes des cours mondiaux des produits agricoles commercialisés (riz, canne à sucre notamment).
Mots-clés :
- pesticides,
- Thaïlande,
- agriculture
Abstract
To meet the needs of agricultural intensification, on which their standard of living depends, Thai smallholder farmers are increasingly using pesticides. From a quantitative and qualitative survey carried out in August 2019 among 100 farmers from two villages in Khon Kaen province, and from the results of large-scale blood testing by the Thailand’s public health department, the author highlights the impact of pesticides on the health of petty farmers, as well as their perception of the health and environmental dangers to which the massive use of pesticides exposes them. The article also examines farmers' varied responses to government incentives for ecological transition. Finally, it reviews the responses that they provide to these incentives, depending on the regime of constraints to which they are subject, in a context of repeated climatic accidents with a strong impact on yields and very significant fluctuations in world prices of cash crops.
Keywords:
- pesticides,
- Thailand,
- agriculture
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Atlas Noema, [en ligne] URL: https://knoema.fr/atlas/ranks/terre-agricole-km-carrés
- Aungudornpukdee, P., 2019, Pesticide Use and Environmental Contamination. A Study in Khao Koh district, Phetchabun Province, Thailand, Journal of Health Research, 33, 2, pp. 173-182.
- Baker, C., 2000, Thailand’s Assembly of the poor: background, drama, reaction, Southeast Asia, Research, 8, pp. 5-23.
- Bureau-Point, E., 2019, Substances chimiques et peurs alimentaires au Cambodge, Moussons, 34, pp. 109-140.
- Bureau-Point, E., 2021, Pesticides et récits de crise dans le monde paysan cambodgien, Anthropologie et Santé, 22, pp. 1-27.
- Chanyuwat, P. 2005, Country Report, in Proceedings Asia Regional Report. Implementation, Monitoring, Observance. International Conduct on the Distribution and Use of Pesticides, Bangkok 26-28 July 2005 [en ligne] URL: http://www.fao.org/3/af340e/af340e0l.htm#TopOfPage
- FAO, 2018, Pesticide trade. Global, Regional and Country Trends, 1990-2018 [en ligne] URL : https://www.fao.org/3/cb0488en/cb0488en.pdf Consulté le 20 septembre 2020.
- Formoso, B. (dir.), 1997, Ban Amphawan et Ban Han, le devenir de deux villages rizicoles du Nord-Est thaïlandais, Paris, ERC/Eds. du CNRS, 754 p.
- Formoso, B., 2016, Are Thai Peasants still Farmers ? The Socioeconomic Transformation of Two Villages of Northeastern Thailand, Moussons, 28, pp. 39-60.
- Formoso, B., 2018, La dette des agriculteurs passée au crible. Le cas de deux villages du nord-est de la Thaïlande, Etudes Rurales, 202, pp. 140-157.
- Forté, C., J. Colasino, K. Polemi, A. Guytingco, N.J. Peraino, S. Jindaphong, Th. Kaviya, J. Westrick, R. Neitzel, K. Nambunmee, 2021, Pesticide exposure and adverse health effects associated with farmwork in Northern Thailand, Journal of Occupational Health, 63,1 [en ligne] URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1348-9585.12222
- Hughes, D., W. Thongkum, K. Tupdor, N. Turnbull, N. Yukalang, V. Sychareun, Thang Van Vo, Latt Latt Win, A. Watkins, S. Jordan, 2021, Pesticides uses and health impact on farmers in Thailand, Vietnam, and Lao PDR: Protocol for a survey of knowledge, behaviours and blood acetyl cholinesterase concentrations, PloS One, Sept 30, 2021 [en ligne] URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0258134
- Jas, N., 2007, Public health and pesticide regulation in France before and after Silent Spring. History and Technology, 23, 4, pp. 369-388.
- Jouzel, J.-N., F. Dedieu, 2013, Rendre visible et laisser dans l’ombre. Savoir et ignorance dans les politiques de santé au travail, Revue française de science politique, 63, pp. 29-49.
- Jouzel, J.-N., G. Prete, 2014, Devenir victime des pesticides. Le recours au droit et ses effets sur la mobilisation des agriculteurs Phyto-victimes, Sociologie du travail, 56, 4, pp. 435-453.
- Jouzel, J.-N., G. Prete, 2015, Mettre en mouvement les agriculteurs, victimes des pesticides. Emergence et évolution d’une coalition improbable, Politix, 111, 3, pp. 175-196.
- Keyes, Ch., 2014, Finding their Voice. Northeastern Villagers and the Thai State, Chiangmai, Silkworm Books, 262 p.
- Kongsom, Ch., V. Panyakul, 2016, Production and Market of Certified Organic Products in Thailand, International Journal of Economics and Management Engineering, 10, 8, pp. 2723-2727.
- Missingham, B., 2003, The Assembly of the poor in Thailand, Chiang Mai, Silkworm Books, 258 p.
- Office of Agricultural Economics, Department of Agriculture, Thailand, 2018 Imported volume and value of agricultural hazardous chemicals 2011-2017 [en ligne] URL: http://oldweb.oae.go.th/economicdata/pesticides.html
- Panuwet, P., W. Siriwong, T. Prapamontol, P. Barry Ryan, N. Fiedler, M.G. Robson, D. Boyd Barr, 2012, Agricultural Pesticide Management in Thailand. Situation and Population Health Risk, Environment Science Policy, March 17, pp. 72-81 [en ligne] URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2011.12.005
- Phisutsinthop, K. M., 2017, Organic Market in Thailand, Bangkok, Central Group [en ligne] URL: https://agora.mfa.gr/infofiles/Organic%20Market%20in%20Thailand%20th.pdf
- Rigg, J., 2019, More than Rural. Textures of Thailand’s Agrarian Transformation, Honolulu, the University of Hawai’i Press, 2019, 324 p.
- Rujivanarom, P., 2018, Activists plan lawsuits over farm chemicals, The Nation, August 13, 2018 [en ligne] URL: https://aseannow.com/topic/1052690-thai-activists-plan-lawsuits-over-farm-chemicals/
- Salaris, C., 2014, Agriculteurs victimes des pesticides: une nouvelle mobilization collective en santé du travail, La nouvelle revue du travail, 4 [en ligne] URL : https://journals.openedition.org/nrt/1480
- Sapbamrer, R., , A. Damrongsat, P. Kongtan, 2011, Health assessment of pesticide use in northern Thai Farmers, Journal of Environmental Research, 33, 1, pp 1-11 [en ligne] URL: (PDF) Health impact assessment of pesticide use in northern Thai Farmers (researchgate.net)
- Sopranzetti, C., 2012, Red Journeys: Inside the Thai Red Shirts Movement, Seattle, Washington University Press, 137 p.
- Schreinemachers, P., Hsiao-pu Chen, Thi Tan Loc Nguyen, B. Buntong, L. Bouapao, S. Gautam, Nhu Thinh Le, Th. Pinn, Ph. Vilaysone, R. Srinivasan, 2017, Too much to handle? Pesticide dependence of smallholder vegetable farmers in Southeast Asia, Science of the Total Environment, 593-594, pp. 470-477 [en ligne] URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.181
- Services administratifs du sous-district de Nong Krung Thanassan (องค์การบริหารส่วนตำบลหนองกุงธนสาร อำเภอภูเวียง จังหวัดชอนแกน), 2019 (๒๕๖๑), รายงาน การพัฒนาระบบช้อมูลตำบล (Rapport pour le développement du système d’information du sous-district), Phu Wieng (Khon Kaen), Services administratifs de Nong Krung Thanassan, 272 p.
- Suphannachart, W., P. Warr, 2011, Research Productivity in Thai Agriculture, Australian Journal of Agriculture and Resource Economics 55,1, pp. 35-52.
- Tanakasempipat, P., 2020, Exclusive: U.S., Brazil protest Thailand’s pesticide ban over impact on wheat, soy exports – documents, Reuters June 22, 2020 [en ligne] URL: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-thailand-trade-usa-brazil-exclusive-idUSKBN23T10K
- Tawatsin, A., U. Thavara, P. Siriyasatien, 2015, Pesticides used in Thailand and toxic effects to human health, Medical Research Archives, 3 [en ligne] URL: Pesticides used in Thailand and toxic effects to human health | Medical Research Archives (esmed.org)
- Tupdor, K., K. Pudto, P. Khomnoi, Ph. Wat-On, 2019, Association of organophosphate contamination in blood of vegetable farmers with Thai knowledge and behavior in Roi-Et province (en thaï), Srinakharinwirot University Journal of Science and Technology vol. 11-21, pp. 1-11 [en ligne] URL: ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างการปนเปื้อนออร์แกโนฟอสเฟตในกระแสเลือดของเกษตรกรสวนผักกับความรู้และพฤติกรรมของเกษตรกรในจังหวัดร้อยเอ็ด ASSOCIATION OF ORGANOPHOSPHATE CONTAMINATION IN BLOOD OF VEGETABLE FARMERS WITH THEIR KNOWLEDGE AND BEHAVIOR IN ROI ET PROVINCE | Journal of Srinakharinwirot University (Journal of Science and Technology) (tci-thaijo.org)
- Walker, A., 2012, Thailand’s Political Peasants. Power in the Modern Rural Economy, Madison, The University of Wisconsin Press, 276 p.