McGill University Thèses et mémoires publiés en 1957

The first aviation law was promulgated in 1784, just one year after the first successful balloon flight was made by the Montgolfier Brothers in 1783. This was a decree by the Prefect of Police, Paris, forbidding balloon flights without police permits. This indicates the prompt response of law to the new invention. The first regulation for safety in aerial navigation was made by the Prefect of Seine in 1819, which prohibited the flights of the Montgolfiers (named after the pioneer flyers), required all balloons to be equipped with parachutes and forbade ascents until after the harvest time. The first reported …  Lire la suite

The first aviation law was promulgated in 1784, just one year after the first successful balloon flight was made by the Montgolfier Brothers in 1783 . This was a decree by the Prefect of Police, Paris, forbidding balloon flights without police notice permits. This indicates the prompt response of law to the new invention. The first regulation for safety in aerial navigation was made by the Prefect of Seine in 1819, which prohibited the flights of the Montgolfiers (named after the pioneer flyers), required all balloons to be equipped with parachutes and forbade ascents until after the harvest time. [...]  Lire la suite

The province of the present study is a legal and geo-political inquiry into the status of the navigable air-space. The fundamental law of the status of the air-space was restated or reaffirmed in 1944 at Chicago by the Convention on International Civil Aviation. Article 1 of this convention provided that 'every state has complete and exclusive sovereignty over the air-space above its territory.' [...]  Lire la suite

The first reports on toxin-neutralizing substances date back to the early 1890's, when Metchnikoff demonstrated that Bacillus subtilis was able to produce substances which neutralized diphtheria toxin, tetanus toxin and snake venom after a period of "in vitro" combination. It was further shown that fungi, such as Isarias, Sporotrichous and Torula, parasites of insects and human parasites, destroyed the toxicity of various bacterial toxins (Metchnikoff, 1897).  Lire la suite

Today in Canada there are approximately sixty-one million acres of land which are devoted to pastures and ranges, of which the greatest proportion is in a natural or unimproved condition, and therefore peak production is far from being realized. A fact that has been long known is that the sod crop represents the heart of a farm rotation. [...]  Lire la suite

Who is that man who, in spite of his fumbling Oriental cloak and heavy turban, was destined to play the most important role in the last century of Islamic history? Who is that villager who opened wide his mind and eyes to what was taking place not only in Egypt or the other Arab and Muslim countries but also in Europe and America, not only with respect to political and historical developments but with respect to intellectual and scholarly trends as well? [...]  Lire la suite

The purpose of this thesis is to present an annotated bibliography of materials available in North America for the further study of the Muhammadijah movement in Indonesia. Since such materials have been found to be very limited, it has not in fact been possible to make the bibliography as selective as was in principle to be desired. Besides books, pamphlets and reports, some newspaper and magazine articles with a direct bearing on the Muhammadijah are included.  Lire la suite

A theory has been developed for the temperature dependence of the work functions of monovalent metals which predicts major contributions from thermal vibrations and thermal expansion. The former has been calculated from the velocities of elastic waves making some allowance for anisotropy and dispersion, the result is only approximate for the alkali metals because of uncertain elastic constants; the latter has been calculated from the cohesive energy and consequently is more accurate for sodium and potassium than for copper and silver.  Lire la suite

The year 1958 should mark the beginning of man's travel into another dimension. This year and next, the United States in connection with the International Geophysical Year, is to place satellites into the outer reaches of the earth's atmosphere. These experiments with the consent of most nations of the world shall allow further exploration of new regions and open heretofore unknown vistas for man's ever questioning mind.  Lire la suite

With the aim to improve present microwave lens designs used in radar antennae, three lens systems were designed, built and tested. They are the lens and correcting plate, the thick lens and the sphere. They exhibit geometric forms as described by their names. The lens and correcting plate is a system that contains a thin plate that cancels the primary astigmatism present in a lens when the source is at two diametrically opposite positions 24° off the optical axis. [...]  Lire la suite

The Grey River Area lies on the south coast of Newfoundland. In general, it includes the land between Grey River and Haie de Vieux, lat. 470 40’ - 47°50’, long. 51’001 - 57°15 1. The area may be reached by steamer, which runs weekly between Port aux Basques and Argentia. The nearest major settlement is Burgeo, 24 miles west along the coast; Ramea, a minor fishing port lies 12 miles southwest on Ramea Island. The Grey River area is 87 miles due south of Buchans. It is accessible from the air, and both Grey River and Long Pond have adequate …  Lire la suite

The Grey River Area lies on the south coast of Newfoundland. In general, it includes the land between Grey River and Baie de Vieux, lat. 47°40' - 47°50', long. 57°00’ - 57°15'. The area may be reached by steamer, which runs weekly between Port aux Basques and Argentia. The nearest major settlement is Burgeo, 24 miles west along the coast; Ramea, a minor fishing port lies 12 miles southwest on Ramea Island. The Grey River area is 87 miles due south of Buchans. It is accessible from the air, and both Grey River and Long Pond have adequate facilities for …  Lire la suite

The vasa efferentia and the ductus epididymis are tubules which connect the testis with the vas deferens. The vasa efferentia are formed in the embryo from some of the mesonephric nephrons or Wolffian tubules. These join the Wolffian duct at their distal ends, and during prenatal development they establish a connection with the rete testis. [...]  Lire la suite

Ascocybe grovesii was discovered in 1953 by Doreen E. Wells at the Division of Botany and Plant Pathology, Science Service, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa. (59) The species under study is the only known member of the genus. Apart from the work of Miss Wells, no other studies have been made of this fungus. Dr. C.M. Wilson of the Botany Department of McGill University, found that Ascocybe produced an aromatic odor during growth on a mixture of glucose and amino acids. Moreover, the fungus was found to be incapable of growth on glucose and inorganic nitrogen.  Lire la suite

The rotations of rigid rods and fused doublets of equal-sized spheres in a shear field are in excellent agreement with Jeffery's theory for ellipsoids when the equivalent axis ratio Re is used. For fused doublets Re = 2. The mechanism of collision between equal-sized rigid spheres differs in several respects from that found in earlier observations. The collisions are not sharply defined and the disturbance occurs well in advance of particle contact. [...]  Lire la suite

The enzymic hydrolysis of organic phosphate esters was first noticed in the beginning of the twentieth century. The enzymes catalyzing this reaction were found to occur in many microorganisms and in most animal and plant tissues. In 1907 Suzuki, Yoshimura and Takaishi (1) reported that phytin was hydrolysed by an enzyme present in rice and wheat bran, which liberates inorganic phosphate. [...]  Lire la suite

Despite extensive laboratory and clinical investigations, the exact role of electrolyte changes in the cardiac action of digitalis is still obscure. While it is well established that potassium and calcium are essential ions for the maintenance of normal heart function, the relationship and possible significance of these ions in the pharmacological and toxicological actions of digitalis have been rather controversial. The primary objective of this investigation was to elucidate, if possible, these potassium-calcium-digitalis interrelationships. [...]  Lire la suite

On December 19, 1918, the Victoria Tribune, an important trade union newspaper of the time in British Columbia, carried the following comment on its editorial page: From its inception the move to send troops to Siberia has been involved in considerable obscurity ... Some day it may be that the whole thing will be cleared up and the public will be let into the secrets of statecraft which launched the country into this extra military expenditure ... Time will reveal some strange things in the great Siberian drama. This editorial comment concerned Canada's participation in the Allied intervention in Russia …  Lire la suite

Many parasitic nematodes possess free-living stages in their life cycles which feed and grow in an open environment in the same way as free-living organisms. The parasitic stage of the cycle is spent within the host. In Bunostomum trigonocephalum, which is a hookworm of sheep and goats, the parasitic stage inhabits the small intestine of the host, while Graphidium strigosum parasitises the inner wall of the stomach of the rabbit and hare. Both of these parasites are blood-suckers and reasons for their discrimination with regards to their foci are not fully established.  Lire la suite

The fact that ethnic and religious prejudice is widespread in our culture has been demonstrated by many social psychological investigations. A study in 1932 (15) and another 18 years later (6) found that Princeton students assigned many of the same stereotyped attributes to different ethnic groups, although fewer of them did so in the later study. For example, Negroes were said to be superstitious and lazy, Germans scientifically minded, Jews shrewd. [...]  Lire la suite

The presynaptic events in cholinergic transmission raise three distinct problems: first, how the transmitter is produced; second, the form in which it is stored; and third, the means by which it is released. The postsynaptic events pose two further questions: how ACh. combines with the postsynaptic membrane and how it excites (or inhibits) the postsynaptic cell. The last of these questions is now fairly well understood (for recent reviews see Castillo & Katz, 1956; Weidmann, 1956), but little is known of how ACh. combines with the postsynaptic membrane. [...]  Lire la suite

The work presented in this thesis arose as one of the problems associated with the Canadian Forage Seeds Project (C.F.S.P.). This organization was founded in 1952 with the aim of ensuring a supply of basic seed stocks of improved varieties of forage crops. The American counterpart to the C.F.S.P. has enjoyed spectacular success, and certified seed of improved varieties forms a considerable part of total seed production. [...]  Lire la suite

Birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) is one of our leguminous forage crops. It has gained some importance in North America since 1934, when Professor Johnstone-Wallace of Cornell University found a type adapted to New York State. It appears to be especially suited to long term pasture seedings and to have a very definite place in modern grassland farming and soil conservation practices. [...]  Lire la suite

The effects of lesions and stimulation of the cortex on the level of activity and arousal of animals have been studied extensively in recent years. Lashley (1920) found that injury to the frontal cortex in rats produced increased activity, while lesions in the occipital poles resulted in decreased activity. Richter and Hawkes (1939), and Beach (1941) also observed hyperactivity resulting from frontal lesions and, less frequently, a decrease in activity with occipital lesions. [...]  Lire la suite

On a décrit souvent la vie raffinée et cultivée de l'élite francaise, mais le but de cette thèse est, au contraire, de présenter et de discuter un écrivain qui s'attache à décrire la vie de la partie de la plus déshéritée du peuple français d'aujourd'hui.  Lire la suite

Gallbladder disease has doubtless been present for as long as man and animals have existed, and known for as long as cadavers have been opened. There is on record a case of gallstones in an Egyptian mummy of the 2lst Dynasty. (British Museum). Since the first report of gallstones in the 14th Century, extensive studies have been carried out in an effort to determine the etiology of the condition. [...]  Lire la suite

In a collection of parasites sent to the Institute of Parasitology from Egypt by Dr. R. E. Kuntz and Mr. S. M. Malakatis from various genera of rodents were nematode parasites from 23 specimens of Arvicanthis niloticus (African striped mouse, spine rat, Kusu). Numerous subspecies of Arvicanthis niloticus have been reported from Arabia, Uganda, Abyssinia, Somaliland, Kenya, Tanganyika, East Congo, Asben, Gold Coast, Sierra Leone, Portuguese Guinea, South to North Rhodesia and Egypt. [...]  Lire la suite

La propriété, dans son sens général, est la condition de la vie matérielle. Elle est a la fois un phénomène juridique, un fait économique et une institution sociale qui joue un tres grand rôle dans toutes les existences individuelles.  Lire la suite

Allancroft, a small institution which is part of the Children's Service Centre, was opened in 1953 and has been in continuous operation since that time. The institution was a new resource for the agency and the first three years have been a period of experiment. From the vantage point of these three years' experience, it was considered desirable to analyze in some detail the use made of the institution by the C.S.C. in order to determine its value.  Lire la suite

Recent extensive developments in the magnetic amplifier art have revived interest in the hysteresis effect in iron. Successful performance of a magnetic amplifier depends largely on the exact matching of its component cores. Properties of ferromagnetic materials vary over extremely wide limits depending not only on their magnetic history but also on physical factors, such as stress and temperature. The hysteresis loop possesses the unique advantage of combining in one graph a complete set of characteristics of the core from which it has been obtained.  Lire la suite

The “yeast-like fungi” seem to be placed in a taxonomical “no man's land” between the interests of bacteriologists and mycologists. They may be isolated and studied by means of techniques that are essentially more bacteriological than mycological. Yet they appear to have been considered alien to the interests of bacteriologists and of little interest to the mycologists. Since yeast-like fungi are a group of microorganisms of varied morphology (328) it is difficult to present a precise botanical definition of them. Skinner (328) has stated that one is justified in calling an organism “yeast-like” if that organism produces yeast-like daughter cells …  Lire la suite

In any experiment the variables being studied are subject to certain variation. The total variation is caused by many factors and the problem of separating this variation in several components, each one - except the last - assigned to a specific source, is the abject of the statistical technique known as Analysis of Variance. The last component, known usually as experimental error, is the variation which we are unable to account for. By designing the experiment in proper way and by eliminating the effect of known factors, we largely increase the sensivity of the experiment.  Lire la suite

This study presents an analysis of the function of the Lachine Canal. The primary purpose is to determine the extent to which the Canal serves the industries and establishments located on or near its banks, as a transport facility, and as a source of water. The study has been extended to include a survey of the physical and cultural landscape of the area surrounding the Canal (hereinafter referred to as the Lachine Canal Zone) in order to assess the relationship of the Canal to that area.  Lire la suite

Flow and heat transfer in the entrance regions of smooth circular tubes have been the subject of considerable interest1 due primarily to the application they have in the design of heat exchangers. The laminar flow case has been analysed by several investigators including M. Jacob (Ref. 14) and S. Goldstein and the turbulent case by II. Latzko and more recently by R.G. Deissler (Ref.5). The analysis by Latzko was made for a Prandtl number of one and was based on an assumed one-seventh power velocity profile and the Blasius resistance formula.  Lire la suite

Soil micro-organisms that decompose cellulose have a very important place in the transformation of carbon in nature, since under natural conditions plant residues, which contain relatively large amounts of cellulose, are continually being added to the soil. It is estimated that in forest soils bacterial activities alone account for the liberation of about nine kilograms of carbon dioxide in one hour. Since cellulose constitutes from one-third to one-half of the weight of all plant residues, a considerable quantity of this polysaccharide is being constantly disintegrated by micro-organisms with the eventual liberation of carbon dioxide.  Lire la suite

Research in this laboratory on the utilization of linseed oil for edible purposes, was originally stimulated by the shortage of edible ails and fats during the second world war. This research was concerned with overcoming the unpleasant odour and taste associated with linseed oil subsequent to hydrogenation. The tendency to flavor reversion has been attributed to the isolinoleic acid produced by hydrogenation from linolenic acid present in large quantities in linseed oil. A method of removing a portion of the linolenic acid was developed. It was suggested that thermal polymerization would involve primarily the linolenic radicals.  Lire la suite

The true pathogenic yeasts are organisms of much clinical importance. One species, compensating for its relatively rare occurrence by its extreme virulence, produces systemic diseases which are almost always fatal, while most representatives of the group are significant chiefly for their very wide distribution, and frequent isolation as the causative agents of lesions of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes in man and animals. They are imperfect fungi, lacking any sexual conjugation or spores, and they reproduce by simple budding or the formation of asexual conidia.  Lire la suite

Of all the operations of chemical engineering, very few have enjoyed a more spectacular development than spray-drying, particularly during the past two decades. This remarkable growth has, in turn, stimulated a considerable amount of research work in an attempt to minimize the empirical nature of spray dryer design. In addition, contributions from studies in the fields of fluid mechanics, boundary layer behaviour and particle dynamics have resulted in a much better understanding of the fundamental principles which underly this operation.  Lire la suite

One of the notable contributions of radar to the study of precipitation has been the revelation of the fact that much of the precipitation which reaches the ground as continuous rain or snow has its origin aloft in compact and discrete cells, whose horizontal dimensions may be of the order of a mile or so and which extend vertically for several thousands of feet. Marshall (1953) published RHI* photographs of such cells and the snow trails which derive there from, and formulated the geometry of the trail shaped in the wind field; similar analyses were performed independently by L’hermitte (1952) …  Lire la suite

The metabolic rate in poikilotherms, or ectotherms, is greatly influenced by changes in the environmental temperature. Insects, in most cases, may be considered to be typically poikilothermic. There exists a specific response in metabolic rate to changes in temperature, under specific conditions. The response of insect metabolism to temperature, within the limits of the effective temperature range, traces an unbroken curve when the oxygen consumption per unit weight is plotted against temperature. The effective temperature range has been defined by R. N. Chapman (1931) as the range within which the metabolism of an insect is not actually inhibited by adverse …  Lire la suite

There have been many attempts to measure the crop of animals on the sea bottom in north European waters, where large numbers of benthonic species are economically important as stocks of food for commercial fish. Although the methods have also been applied to a few arctic localities (see page 8), very little is known about the size of the crop in the vast region between Greenland and the Pacific coast of Alaska. Quantitative surveys of the marine benthos were therefore made in Baffin Island during 1954 and 1955 and in West Greenland during 1956 in order to estimate the standing …  Lire la suite

This thesis describes the geology of three adjacent map-areas, each of approximately 250 square miles, plus a region of 260 square miles adjacent to the east of these three. Since all these areas are associated with either Wacouno lake or Wacouno river, the entire area mapped will in future be referred to as “The Wacouno Region”. The region lies between 65 and 120 miles north northeast ot Sept-Iles (Seven Islands) a town on the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. The map areas are aligned in a north-south direction, each straddling the railroad which joins Sept-Iles to the …  Lire la suite

In animal life, growth manifests itself in many ways, and accordingly, has been defined from many points of view. Richard and Kavanagh (1945) define growth as "an attribute of living organisms manifested by a change in size of the individual or in the number of organisms in a unit of environment". Sholl (1950) and Medawar (1950) agree with this definition while some authors have considered certain important chemical processes to be characteristic of growth, for instance protein synthesis (Boell, 1955) and DNA synthesis (Davidson, 1950). Weiss (1949), bearing in mind these varied attempts to grasp the concept of growth, wrote …  Lire la suite

Until about fifteen years ago the mammalian erythrocyte was considered to be a lifeless cell - virtually a parcel of hemoglobin - specialized for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. Lacking a nucleus and other common cell components, it is incapable of cell division and of carrying on the normal metabolic activity of ordinary tissue cells. It has long been known that the human red blood cell has a high content of potassium ions and a very low content of sodium ions despite the reverse of this ion distribution in the plasma, but earlier workers explained the situation …  Lire la suite

The phase structure of diffraction images of microwave lenses has been investigated theoretically and experimentally. Calculated contours of constant phase and of constant intensity are presented in normalized coordinates independent of system geometry. For a particular lens system these contours are shown in physical coordinates and a comparison is made with corresponding phase contours measured at a wavelength of 3.2 cm. using a solid-dielectric lens. Results are shown of very detailed calculations and measurements made in the vicinity of certain interesting regions including the axis of the system and the intensity zeroes of the "focal plane". It is demonstrated that …  Lire la suite

Historically the Wilson cloud chamber was one of the earliest tools for studying nuclear reactions. This instrument, far from having been relegated to a museum shelf, is still indispensable in nuclear Physics laboratories. This is due to the unique amount of direct information which a single cloud chamber photograph can yield about a disintegration process. A cloud chamber has been in use at this university since the earliest days of the Radiation Laboratory.  Lire la suite

Duchow, M. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

The structure and petrology of an area of 602 square miles in Northwestern Q.uebec is described. The region is between the Timiskaming and Grenville petrological provinces and is known as the belt of banded gneisses or Ottawa mountains. The area is between Val-d’Or and Malartic and is 15 miles south of the Canadian National line from Quebec to Cochrane. About 70 per cent of the area is covered by lacustrine clay through which project northeast-trending ranges of hills or isolated outcrops consisting mainly of granite or pegmatite. All the consolidated rocks are Precambrian in age. The oldest rocks are metamorphosed …  Lire la suite

Gonadotropic activity in human pregnancy urine was demonstrated for the first time by Aschheim and Zondek in 1927 by injecting unaltered urine into immature female rats. The early subsequent work was concerned mostly with gonadotropins secreted in large amounts by the human placenta. Pituitary gonadotropins, however, occur in much smaller amounts in human urine. They therefore must be concentrated from urine in order to be demonstrable by bioassay methods. The concentration of urinary extract, in turn, requires detoxification in order to allow the laboratory animals to survive several injections.  Lire la suite

L’existence de problèmes et d’idéaux communs pousse les États européens vers des formes de coopération qui toute fois, dans la phase politique actuelle, n'influencent pas substantiellement leur autonomie souveraine. Une telle situation se réflète dans le domaine de l’aviation civile où les droits essentiels à l’exploitation du transport aérien sont échangés sur une base bilatérale ou octroyés par des autorisations d’exploitation. Ceci permet aux États de proportionner l’octroi des droits de trafic à la sauvegarde des intérêts légitimes de leurs compagnies nationales.  Lire la suite