McGill University Thèses et mémoires publiés en 1997

Mieux faire connaître le riche héritage de Hans-Joachim Iwand aux milieux théologiques nord-américains qui, à ce jour, sont fort peu sensibilisés à la contribution de cette figure de proue de la pensée protestante du XX° siècle, tel est le but de cette étude. Celle-ci soulève entre autres le fait que le principe du theologische Existenz avancé par Iwand permet d’envisager la théologie chrétienne dans le contexte de la «contextualité» qui anime en grande partie la pensée théologique contemporaine en Amérique du Nord. [...] La réflexion théologique d’Iwand constitue ainsi une source pertinente pour aider la communauté chrétienne à poursuivre plus …  Lire la suite

The overall objective of this research was to identify forage legumes and grasses, which competed sufficiently with weeds developing after tillage, to provide acceptable weed control in grain corn, without, however reducing corn growth, and to obtain a better understanding of the physiological aspects of competition, particularly light and nitrogen. Corn yields were not affected by forage seeding date (10 and 20 days after corn emergence), however yields were affected by the type of forage species used as an intercrop. Cultivation reduced weed populations in corn and the inclusion of cover crops provided some additional control (up to 10%). Crimson …  Lire la suite

This thesis presents a new method for the prioritization of maintenance and repair (M&R) activities related to engineering facilities. Only M&R that can be programmed into a two to three years budgeting cycle are considered in the ranking procedure. Tasks that are of an emergency nature and that must be accomplished immediately are beyond the scope of this thesis. The methodology is intended to assist in a rational allocation of M&R funds by generating a priority list of tasks based on component importances and conditions. The premise is that the most important component in the worst condition is given the …  Lire la suite

Object localization and tracking are important requirements for the autonomous grasping of moving objects. Autonomous grasping requires continuous information gathering by sensors. In this thesis, I examined the use of miniature amplitude based infra-red proximity sensors which are useful in this context since they can be placed directly in the robot's end-effector and thus guarantee unobstructed sensing. Unfortunately, using these sensors in a network leads to problems of local interference. To eliminate such problems, I synchronized and modulated the frequency of commercial sensors to enable their use in a network. In addition, I have developed two approaches which provide useful …  Lire la suite

Les mutations dans le recepteur androgene humain (hAR) causent, ou du moins predisposent, it differentes maladies telles que le syndrome d’insensibilire aux androgenes (AIS), l’atrophie musculaire spinobulbaire (SBMA), une maladie neurodegenerative ainsi que le cancer de la prostate. Ma recherche a porte sur le mecanisme de pathogenese de trois mutations dans le hAR. La premiere mutation etant une expansion de l’insert poly-glutamine (poIyQ) dans le premier exon qui cause le SBMA; les 2 autres mutations sont dans l’exon 5 (Asn727Lys) et dans l’exon 8 (Met886Val) du do maine de liaison du ligand (LBD) qui causent l’infertilite d’origine oligospermique. [...]Ni la …  Lire la suite

Acoustic echo cancellation can be used to remove the annoying talker feedback in hands-free (teleconferencing) systems. In this thesis, we examine the DCT-LMS algorithm and we emphasize on the role played by the Discrete Cosine Transform. This fixed transformation reduces the eigenvalue spread of the input autocorrelation matrix by partially decorrelating the inputs. The autocorrelation matrix of speech signals is often rank-deficient. During the low rank phases, some of the transform-domain tap coefficients become irrelevant to the adaptation process and stop adapting. When the autocorrelation matrix gains full rank, there will be no longer any "frozen" weights. However, the weights …  Lire la suite

Peck, Jonathan (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

L’analyse spectrale a été utilisée pour étudier les composantes périodiques des taux de croissance relatifs (en masse et en longueur) et de la consommation de nourriture journalière chez la truite mouchetée Salvelinus fontinalis, selon un plan expérimental en mesures répétées dans le temps. L’analyse du périodogramme multi-fréquentiel et la procédure pas à pas croissante qui l’accompagne ont révélé la présence de composantes infradiennes de 4 to 10 j dans les taux de croissance relatifs et de 6 to 19 j dans la consommation de nourriture journalière, qui expliquaient conjointement une large proportion (80 to 90%) de la variation totale. L’analyse …  Lire la suite

The important and exemplary role that Internet technology played in enhancing the publicity campaign of the Chiapas insurgents in their struggle for political reform in Mexico, is the focus of this thesis. By examining the Internet as an alternative distribution network for Subcomandante Marcos' communiques, it can be conjectured that the technology provided him with a space through which his voice could be heard in the international political arena. It was a space both external to Mexican government control, and through which Macros disseminated a powerful discourse representing the insurgents' political goals and grievances--one contrary to that being transmitted by …  Lire la suite

Nous étudions dans cette thèse trois sujets qui sont: Processus Cumulatifs de Renouvellement, Contrôle Stochastique et Estimation du Gradient. Le premier sujet est inspiré du travail de Smith sur les processus cumulatifs et la partie du début de l’article de Glynn et Heidelberger sur les propriétés du biais des simulations avec contraintes de budget. Nous développons pour cette classe de processus cumulatifs, des nouvelles méthodes pour évaluer explicitement et asymptotiquement des moments arbitraires d’un produit de n processus cumulatifs de renouvellement avec gain à valeur vectorielle appelés les cas N(t) et N(t) + 1. [...] En plus, la théorie des …  Lire la suite

Les médulloblastomes démontrent souvent une perte d’hétérozygosité sur le bras court du chromosome 17 et un locus de suppression tumorale a été postulé en position 17p13. La co-localisation du gène de la p53, un suppresseur de tumeurs situé en 17pl3 laisse sousentendre que des allèles mutés de ce gène pourraient jouer un rôle dans la transformation tumorale de cellules souches dites «médulloblastes». Afin d’examiner cette possibilité, nous avons fait l’analyse de la séquence du gène de la p53 dans 9 médulloblastomes par amplification des exons 4-9 (où se retrouvent 95% des mutations) avec une réaction à polymérisation en chaîne suivi …  Lire la suite

The aims of the present studies were to determine the magnitude of iron deficiency anemia among preschool children in Northern Ethiopia and to evaluate different control strategies. The cross-sectional study showed that anemia was highly prevalent (42%) and that iron deficiency was the commonest cause of anemia. However, the iron deficiency was not due to lack of iron in the diet but to its poor availability and to other non-dietary risk factors. Unsafe water, mother's illness, older child (24--60 months), family not having food reserves and family income below poverty-line were predictors of anemia. Hookworm and malaria were rare and …  Lire la suite

Psychological stress may be a risk factor for essential hypertension. While several variables have been implicated as mediators or moderators of the relationship between stress and high blood pressure, their exact roles and level of importance remain to be elucidated. A key moderating variable may be family history of hypertension. A series of five studies examined the cardiovascular and emotional reactions to stress of normotensive individuals with and without a parental history of hypertension. In an attempt to facilitate the generalizability of the results, the studies used stressors with greater ecological validity than those used in most previous studies of …  Lire la suite

Spin dynamics in solid state NMR and NQR are studied using spin density matrix theory. First, the response of spin 7/2 subject to the first order quadrupolar interaction, excited by one and two pulse sequences is examined. Specific pulse sequences with appropriate phase cycling designed for detection of MQ coherences developed during the first pulse are calculated analytically. The results are applied to the determination of quadrupolar parameters and true chemical shifts utilizing a ID nutation experiment. Solomon echoes under soft pulse excitation are also considered for spin 7/2. Second, analytical solutions of off-resonance nutation line intensities for spin 3/2 …  Lire la suite

This thesis presents advances in the design and control of direct drive systems. The McGill/MIT synchronous direct drive motor, a new high performance torque sensor, and a complete hydraulic dynamometer testbed are designed and built.[...]  Lire la suite

Some models of solidification are developed by treating the solid in a more realistic manner than that has been done to date. In order to further investigate the polymorphous dendritic growth, a recent phase-field model of dendritic growth due to Kobayashi [93] is modified by introducing a vectorial order parameter. This new model allows for the existence of grain boundaries and is used to study the amorphization of polycrystalline material as well as the growth of many dendrites of different orientations. One of the major techniques of solidification, namely the directional solidification is further analyzed by using the phase field …  Lire la suite

This dissertation explores the relationship between uses of the Bangladeshi immigrant press in Montreal and the reinforcement of its readers' ethnic identity. The work is based on information gathered from two Bangladeshi newspapers published in Montreal---Probashbangla and Banglabarta . The study views ethnic identity as being perceived, enacted, and maintained symbolically through communication activities of ethnic group members. The Bangladeshi immigrant press is considered to be a major vehicle for its readers' perception of ethnic identity, and as a strong stimulus for its reinforcement. It is suggested that the nature and extent of use of the Bangladeshi immigrant press serves …  Lire la suite

The process parameters that affect the anisotropy of mechanical properties of two Nb microalloyed linepipe steels (grades X-70 and X-80) were examined by controlled rolling and accelerated cooling on a pilot mill. The rolling schedules were first simulated by multi-pass torsion testing so as to determine the critical temperatures, such as T$ sb{ rm nr}$ and Ar$ sb3.$ Using the torsion test results, two finish rolling temperatures were chosen so as to be above and below the A$ sb3$ (in the $ gamma$ + $ alpha$ region). Two reheat temperatures were selected to study the effect of prior austenite grain …  Lire la suite

In this thesis we describe a new version of acyclic models, which was first given by Barr, that gives the Theorem of Barr and Beck, and of Andre as special cases. We begin the thesis with Beck's definition of module and we describe how he used this definition, in conjunction with the theory of triples, to define homology theories. The theory described here is based on the notion of acyclic classes. An acyclic class is a class of objects in a category of chain complexes and corresponds to a class of arrows, whose mapping cones they are. We also give …  Lire la suite

We examined the hypothesis that maturation ameloblasts degrade enamel matrix in a manner analogous to bone matrix degradation mediated by osteoclasts. Thus, we assessed the distribution of the cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (MRP) and lysosomal enzymes in the enamel organ and in the alveolar bone surrounding the rat incisor. The MPR was observed on the ruffled border of the ruffle-ended ameloblast (RA) but not on the distal call membrane of the smooth-ended ameloblast (SA), although both cells demonstrated strong immunoreactivity in the Golgi region. Immunogold localization of cathepsin B showed more labelling on the distal end of RA than SA, …  Lire la suite

In humans, it has been demonstrated that Th-2 type cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5) are highly expressed in bronchial biopsies from asthmatics. Our hypothesis is that a distinct cytokine response comprising Th-2 cytokines occurs during the late airway response (LR) after antigen challenge and that a different Th-1 response (interferon (IFN)-$ gamma$) is related to the absence of a physiological response after antigen challenge. We have tested this hypothesis in different strains of rats, Brown Norway (BN) rats are high IgE producers that develop LR and increased airway responsiveness after antigen challenge, whilst Sprague Dawley (SD) rats are low IgE …  Lire la suite

This thesis is made of two parts. In the first part, we study pattern formations and dissipation of energy and matter by using hyperbolic reaction-diffusion equations for reacting systems. Two-dimensional hyperbolic reaction-diffusion equations are numerically solved for the Selkov model and the Brusselator. It is shown that the evolution equations used can give rise to various kinds of patterns such as hexagonal structures, stripes, maze structures, chaotic structures, etc., depending on the values of the reaction-diffusion number and the initial and boundary conditions. The values of the entropy production computed indicate that the system maintains the particular organized local structures …  Lire la suite

Apoptosis, a mechanism for modulating tissue growth, is triggered by signals (Fas ligand (FasL), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)) derived from other cells as well as external factors such as ultraviolet radiation (UV). We have investigated the possibility that FasL, Fas, M-CSF and flt3/flk2 ligand are released on shed vesicles from HuT 78 cells, tumor cell lines (MIP-101 and CX-1), and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with cDNA encoding for M-CSF and flt3/flk2 ligand, respectively. Further, we examined the effects of UV-B irradiation on the capacity of CHO cells to shed vesicles per se, and on the capacity of CHO …  Lire la suite

Objective. This study investigated the effect of cycling position (upright vs. recumbent) and seat position on the oxygen cost of cycling. Experimental design. A two-factor ANOVA with repeated measures was used to examine the effect of cycling position (Monark 814E, Lifecycle 9100 R, and Lifecycle 9500 RHR ergometers) and seat position (optimum and +/-1 setting) on VO2 and HR. Participants. Subjects were 10 male physical education students (age = 24 +/- 2.1 years, height = 178.8 +/- 4.8 cm, weight = 76.2 +/- 7.8 kg). Interventions. Each subject was tested at three 5-minute workloads (55, 137, and 186 Watts) in …  Lire la suite

Bilateral excitotoxic lesions of the ventral hippocampus in neonatal rats result in hyperlocomotion induced by dopamine agonists, and hyperresponsiveness to stress in postpubertal animals. A cortical maldevelopment has been suggested to explain the behavioral changes observed but direct evidence is lacking to support this assumption. We studied possible alterations in excitatory amino acids receptor levels in this animal model of schizophrenia. Ventral hippocampal lesion at postnatal day 7 (PD7) induced significantly increased locomotor activity after a D-amphetamine injection (1mg/kg) in PD56 and 6 month-old (PD 180) rats but not PD35 ones. In addition, behavioral deficits were observed in postpubertal rats …  Lire la suite

Tsantrizos, Peter G. (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

The most natural stochastic models for describing the time evolution of the collective risk reserves of an insurance company are jump or point process models. However, there are difficulties in obtaining from such models explicit and tractable expressions for important quantities such as the probability of ruin and these have spawned the development of procedures to approximate point process models. In this thesis, the nature of weak approximations, as put forward by Iglehart (1969) and Furrer, Michna & Weron (1996), is examined closely with a view toward assessing their value. An interpretation of these approximation procedures is given and a …  Lire la suite

Private international air law encompasses the delicate balance of interest between the air carriers and the consumers of their service. This balance is made by states according to their socioeconomic and political conditions. Since these conditions differ among states, another, yet more complex conflict of interests arises between states as to how the interest of air carriers and consumers should be balanced. This difference between states has been, and still is, the biggest obstacle in the way of unifying private international air law. Giving an overview of the present situation and the possible future implications, this thesis highlights the balance …  Lire la suite

In stereoscopic images, the behavior of a curve in space is related to the appearance of the curve in the left and right image planes. Formally, this relationship is governed by the projective geometry induced by the stereo camera configuration and by the differential structure of the curve in the scene. In this thesis, I propose that the correspondence problem---matching corresponding points in the image planes---can be solved by relating the differential structure in the left and right image planes to the geometry of curves in space. Specifically, the compatibility between two pairs of corresponding points and tangents at those …  Lire la suite

A burgeoning mega-club in the heart of Montreal's gay village, Sky embodies many forces active in gay club cultures and villages across North America at the end of the twentieth century. This project documents the daily operations of Sky--as a complex architectural site, a complicated set of managerial practices, and a popular space in Montreal's Village--and outlines the theoretical implications of such an establishment for both the gay community and for club culture more generally. A large entertainment complex currently undergoing a major expansion, Sky cannot be theorized as either a wholly oppressive or completely liberatory development. Although Sky presents …  Lire la suite

This thesis presents a virtual reality system developed to support the training of astronauts as operators of the Mobile Servicing System (MSS) at the Canadian Space Agency. The objective of this system called Virtual Operations and Training Environment (VOTE), is to provide 3D visualization and simulation tools used by instructors to help astronauts understand MSS remote manipulator operations conducted in the context of the International Space Station assembly. The thesis first presents both telerobotics and virtual reality fields with accompanying literature survey followed by the description of the MSS hardware, operation and ground based simulator. A description of the design …  Lire la suite

Distributed discrete event simulations can be used to solve many real world problems. The obvious benefit in solving large complex problems using parallel versus serial techniques is speed. In this thesis, I will examine a solution to the problem of channel allocation with specific applications to cellular communication or mobile computing. The distributed simulation, based on conservative simulation techniques, utilizes a deadlock avoidance approach. The distributed simulation is performed on a BBN multiprocessor computer. The simulation utilizes seven independent processors which tessellate into the geometric shape of a hexagon. The simulation is a true distributed message passing application whereby a …  Lire la suite

Perrault, Helene (Supervisor)  Lire la suite

The institutional legitimacy and impact of the Supreme Court, like all political institutions, ultimately depend on public support. However, unlike other political institutions, the Court does not draw that support directly from the democratic process. Scholars in the United States have examined this problem by analyzing the relationship between public perceptions of judicial institutions and their legitimacy, emphasizing the importance of myth in sustaining support for courts in the absence of democratic accountability. This thesis extends American research to the Canadian case, by examining the role of the media as a significant source of popular perceptions of the Canadian Supreme …  Lire la suite

When the Y chromosome of a Mus musculus domesticus mouse is placed onto the C57BL/6J (B6) inbred genetic background, the XY (B6.Y TIR) progeny develop only ovaries or ovotestes during fetal life. At puberty, while some of the hermaphroditic males become fertile, none of the XY sex-reversed females produce litters. The objective of my study was to clarify the cause of infertility in B6.YTIR females. We have previously demonstrated that the eggs ovulated from B6.YTIR ovaries undergo fertilization efficiently, but cannot develop beyond the 2-cell stage. In the present study, we collected oocytes directly from XY ovaries, and examined their …  Lire la suite

The pharmacokinetics of verapamil were evaluated in the young and elderly after steady state administration of a sustained release formulation. The objective was to determine whether the interindividual metabolic variability of verapamil and its main metabolites could be correlated with the enzymatic activity of CYP3A4 by using dextromethorphan (DM) as an in vivo probe of CYP3A4 activity. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a significant age related increase in the clearance of verapamil. Verapamil interindividual variability could not be correlated with formation of 3-methoxy-morphinan. Our results suggest that verapamil metabolism may be significantly mediated by other cytochromes.  Lire la suite

Current brachytherapy dosimetry protocols assume that a physical source may be approximated by a point source. A new brachytherapy dosimetry protocol, recently proposed by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 43, has the advantage of using functions derived solely from measurements performed in the medium and uses a more realistic source geometry than the point source approximation. The aim of this work is to obtain the dosimetric functions required by this new protocol for both a low and a high dose-rate Iridium-192 brachytherapy source through dose measurements in a water-equivalent phantom. Dose measurements have been performed using …  Lire la suite

It has long been postulated that the facet joint geometry (FJG) has an important influence on lumbar segmental motion. Although their sagittal orientation has been described in detail, there are very few studies describing the three-dimensional (3D) FJG. None correlates the latter to segmental kinematics. In view, we developed a method to quantify 3D FJG and compared the results to segmental kinematics. In the ex-vivo set-up, facets of individual cadaveric vertebrae taken from a previous biomechanical. study were digitized using a 3D morphometer and the geometry of the facet joints in respect to the vertebra's local coordinate system was quantified. …  Lire la suite

Over the years the demand for butter in Canada has decreased resulting in a surplus of butter. In 1965 the per capita consumption of butter in Canada was 8.23 Kg which decreased by about 70% to 2.66 Kg in 1994. Previous research indicates that consumers are switching from butter to margarine due to concerns about heart disease and high cholesterol levels in butter. Therefore, a market study was conducted in Montreal to estimate the potential demand for a new product called "modified" butter which would create 50% less cholesterol in the body than regular butter. When the concept of "modified" …  Lire la suite

Concevoir des événements futurs comme ayant déjà eu lieu est le thème que deux genres d'illustrations (architecturalle et anatomique) se partagent ici par l'entremise de la notion de coupe/tranche. On y examine à quel point ces représentations percent leur surfaces pour se remettre radicalement en question par rapport à leur intentions reçues.  Lire la suite

A Control Volume Finite Difference (CVFD) code which finds the heat transfer coefficients resulting in a calculated thermal field that matches the thermal field obtained in experiments, was developed. The code is capable of solving unsteady conduction. and convection-diffusion problems in two or three dimensions using cylindrical coordinates. The complex problem of the workpiece cooling, was decomposed into smaller sub-problems corresponding to the different cooling zones. For each sub-problem an inverse-problem approach was applied using data from cooling experiments as a reference. As the result, the heat transfer coefficients were determined for a workpiece cooling in air, including the effect …  Lire la suite

This thesis examines how and why two amateur videos, broadcast across Canada in 1995, contributed to the disbandment of the Canadian Airborne Regiment. A brief history of the Airborne highlights discipline problems that were known to exist before the videos were broadcast. Common assumptions about images, particularly amateur video images, are explored. The concept of the "media event" is used to show how mediation magnified the videos' impact. A detailed examination of the videos and their constructions as news stories demonstrates how narrative frames and the newsmaking process in general shaped what the public saw. A general content analysis of …  Lire la suite

This thesis deals with the concept of the Perfect Man in the thought of both Ibn 'Arabi (560/1165-638/1240) and Iqbal (1877-1938). The concepts of these two figures are analytically compared by way of their views of wujud, the evolutionary process of human being, qada' and qadar, and the classifications of the Perfect Man. In Ibn 'Arabi's system, these concepts are based on wahdah al-wujud and, in Iqbal's system, on his philosophy of Khudi. Although Iqbal criticized many aspects of Ibn 'Arabi's thought, this thesis will show that their concepts of the Perfect Man are quite similar, and that Iqbal was …  Lire la suite

The anchoring effect influences clinicians to give undue diagnostic importance to client data gathered during the initial appraisal period. Moreover, client data consistent with the earlier diagnostic hypotheses may be given disproportionate credence. Extending research on the anchoring effect, 40 counsellors were presented with a written casefile in which the order of specific client information (that is, client material characterized as healthy and ailing) was systematically sequenced. A questionnaire was administered to evaluate the impact that the order of presentation of client information had on participant ratings of client functioning, and a "think-aloud" methodology was employed to examine the actual …  Lire la suite

Birth in our Canadian society is a daily phenomenon that occurs approximately 1,100 times per day, but unfortunately not always within the normal time frame, after 39-40 weeks of pregnancy. The present thesis addresses the question: What factors initiate premature labour? Although the process is incompletely understood, it is known that immune and endocrine factors as well as the fetus itself contribute to the initiatory signals that bring about parturition. Indeed, cytokines, oxytocin, and steroids have been shown to affect the tone, amplitude and frequency of myometrial contractions. Given that their effects can be abolished by the addition of cyclooxygenase …  Lire la suite

Until his untimely death in 1988, George Grant was considered the foremost political philosopher Canada had produced. He was a critic of technological globalization who perceived early on its destructive potentialities on all facets of life, public and private. His writing focused on how the development of technological globalization endangered national sovereignty, undermined indigenous cultures and traditions, and threatened individual and communal rights. What is less known about Grant is the importance of faith in his life and how it informed his thought. Indeed, even though Grant did not write about his faith to any great extent, he claimed that …  Lire la suite

The radiotracer methodology was combined with the Hoagland solution culture of growing soybean in a greenhouse to investigate the absorptions of phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and sodium (Na) as a function of salinity. Salt stress was varied by using zero to 120 mM NaCl. The research was initiated because of a need to increase soybean production in the saline soils of the semi-arid regions of the world. Although P absorption increased with time at each concentration of NaCl, increasing its concentrations ([NaCl]) to 120 mM reduced P uptake considerably. The addition of inorganic P (Pi) to the salt medium improved …  Lire la suite

In 1949, Frederic Dard created a character named San-Antonio and he decided to dedicate a series of novels to it. The latter amounts to, up to this day, one hundred and sixty eight titles, to which we must add several outside the series. How can we explain the readers, craze for such works? A possible explanation resides in the quite particular style which distinguishes them. There are any number of neologisms and various styles and levels of language are merrily mixed therein, reminding us of the Rabelaisian tongue to which it is often compared. But shall we end the parallel …  Lire la suite

Steroid receptors mediate their effects on gene transcription. by interacting with cis-acting enhancer regions known as response elements (REs). Recent evidence from the long terminal repeat of the Mouse Mammary Tumour Virus (MMTV) suggests that glucocorticoid response elements (GREs) may consist of directly-repeated half-sites separated by nine base pairs (GRE-D9). Evidence is provided that GRE-D9 can bind to GR homodimers in vitro, and that, when present in multiple copies, can mediate transactivation of a reporter gene in vivo. Heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) has been implicated in modulating the ligand-inducibility of the estrogen receptor (ER) in vivo. In order to …  Lire la suite

The hypothesis was that there is an association between cardiovascular, reproductive and oncogenic effects and chemicals (gases, volatile organic compounds (VOC's)) to which firefighters are exposed. The objectives of the study were to assess firefighter exposures to: (1) diesel emissions in firehalls; (2) contaminated self-contained-breathing-apparatus (SCBA's); and, (3) VOC's at fires. Carbon monoxide (CO) was used as a marker for diesel emissions. Air in SCBA cylinders was analyzed for chemical contaminants. The U.S. EPA TO-14 method for ambient air analysis was verified for the analysis of 144 VOC's in air samples collected in SummaTM canisters at experimental and municipal fires. …  Lire la suite