IntroductionGlacial History, Paleogeography and Paleoenvironments in Glaciated North America[Record]

  • Stephen A. Wolfe and
  • Alain Plouffe

In these issues of Géographie physique et Quaternaire we present a set of papers in recognition of the foundation that Vic Prest and others have laid for our present knowledge of Quaternary glacial history of Canada, and the related fields of paleogeography and paleoenvironments. Unlike Volume 41 of Géographie physique et Quaternaire, devoted to The Laurentide Ice Sheet, the papers provided herein do not represent a co-ordinated attempt to summarize the knowledge of a particular topic. Instead, taken as a whole, they provide a snapshot of Quaternary studies in Canada today and a reflection of the variety of research topics. Many of the papers stem from presentations made in the Vic Prest Symposium at the Canadian Quaternary Association Bi-Annual Meeting, June 5‑8, 2005, in Winnipeg, Manitoba. These papers and presentations cover the themes of glacial history, paleogeography and paleoenvironments in glaciated North America. We are pleased to present 19 papers of relevance to Canadian Quaternarists within a Canadian geoscience journal, in keeping with the tradition of publications by Vic Prest. The following outline describes the papers contained in the two volumes. Six papers cover the theme of glacial history. Two papers present new information on ice flow characteristics of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS). First, McMartin and Henderson (Vol. 58) present a comprehensive paper on the complexities of the Keewatin Ice Divide, supplying new evidence supporting and constraining the migration of the divide. Earlier notions of a stable ice position throughout the last glaciation are rejected, based on abundant field evidence, in favour of the hypothesis of a shifting ice divide. The authors compile numerous ice-directional indicators from central Nunavut, indicating that flow directions changed significantly through time, and that the main divide migrated by as much as 500 kilometres between ice-flow phases. Furthermore, they show that the relict glacial landscape reflects protection under an ice divide. The second paper, by Veillette (Vol. 58), documents the ice flow and dispersal patterns in the region Québec, south of Lake Mistassini and north of the St. Lawrence River. It reveals a complex ice-flow sequence, beginning with a major ice flow toward the northwest in the Québec highlands, overprinted by a second one toward the southeast from a position north of Lake Mistassini, and by flows toward the southwest, south, and southeast during deglaciation. These papers are important for assessing the relative stability of ice sheets, which is beneficial to ice-sheeting modeling and for mineral exploration. A short paper by Winsborrow, Clark and Stokes (Vol. 58) provides a synopsis of Laurentide ice streams along with an up-to-date map. A total of 49 hypothesized ice streams have been compiled in this review from published sources, satellite imagery and air photo interpretation. The paleo-ice streams of the LIS exhibit a much greater range in size than the modern examples of Antarctica. The map and dataset in this paper will be of use in future reconstruction and modelling of the LIS. A paper by Carlson, Jenson and Clarke (Vol. 58) presents the stratigraphy, till fabrics and grain size analyses from two till sections: one from the Lake Michigan Lobe of the LIS and the other from the Hudson Bay Lowlands. The fabrics are used to demonstrate the depth of deformation in sediments at the base of the LIS. This paper contributes to the interpretation of the bed of the LIS, which is important to better understand the behaviour of the ice sheet and to improve its modelling. Eight papers are presented within the paleo-geography theme. Four papers discuss post-glacial relative sea-level changes along marine margins, and their implications. James (Vol. 59) presents detailed evidence and …

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