Documents found
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16445.More information
Lodyans, the Haitian skill of succinctly conveying a story, for example, with both a critical mind and a unique sense of humor, is passed down from generation to generation. At the same time, it can be used to transmit local knowledge, to enhance collective identity, and to critique the dominant social order. Few researchers are interested in this intangible cultural heritage. This article aims to analyze lodyans in its dialectical dimension, and particularly from the perspective of Professor Maximilien Laroche. What does “Bay lodians” mean? What is the place of Justin L'hérisson in the art of lodyans? How can we incorporate lodyans in science education?
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16446.More information
Taking the indigenous communities of the North American Arctic as an example, we analyze the legal and institutional gaps in the recognition of indigenous particularities in displacement. In addition to the lack of a legal and institutional framework for the recognition of indigenous status in displacement, these gaps reflect the difficulties of collaboration between government agencies and communities, linked to the partial application of indigenous rights. To address it, establishing a governance based on a clear organizational structure to balance power between the different stakeholders (federal government, Alaska state, Native communities) is a prerequisite. The reinterpretation of the right to self-determination makes it possible to envisage community-driven climate relocation, based on community aspirations for the future, which would make it possible to move beyond a static approach to indigenous identities and the reproduction of historical patterns of marginalization.
Keywords: Arctique, déplacement climatique, réinstallation, peuples autochtones, droit à l'autodétermination, autodétermination environnementale, Arctic, climate displacement, climate relocation, indigenous peoples, right to self-determination, environmental self-determination
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16447.More information
AbstractAfter a brief examination of the concepts put forward as this issue's theme (transcendence, performance, ecstasy), the author asks if they can be applied to the forms of shamanism found in their “traditional” context in Siberia. These concepts are basic to the other notions which underlie the terminology involving ritual action in these forms of shamanism, notably that of “playing”. This notion, analyzed with Buryat examples, combines in an integrated whole several basic ideas of shamanic representation systems: the idea of documenting the wild animals one hunts, and even more, of the acting out of a harmonious exchange with nature. The idea of creating, in their image, the two fundamental duties of everyone: to mate (dance) and to defend oneself (fight). The idea of acting as if to elicit the corresponding action in real life. Finally, the idea of acting in such a way as to make gain possible. Thus, the act of “playing” translates the desire for “luck”.
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16448.More information
AbstractIn his classic essay Seasonal Variations of the Eskimo, Marcel Mauss argued that a strong relationship exists between the spatial organisation of traditional Inuit house forms and the social morphology of the families they shelter. These observations anticipate later works in anthropology that examine how cultural processes are reflected in, and sustained by, the built environment. Such ideas are important when considering the effects of post-war housing programs on Inuit families in the Canadian Arctic. During the 1960s, attempts were made to restructure the routines of Inuit families through Euro-Canadian architecture and home economics classes. Recent ethnographic observations of Inuit households in operation, however, reveal that many continue to use their houses in traditional ways. By doing so, Inuit families are attempting to adapt to dwellings designed around another culture's concept of homemaking and family life. Mauss's ideas are therefore a poignant reminder of the need to take cultural factors into account when developing aboriginal housing policy.
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16449.More information
Danish archaeologist Jørgen Meldgaard (1927-2007) was a dedicated filmmaker, and today's archaeologists may find inspiration in his engagements with the medium of film. He produced three major pieces of film work during his career. Filmed in very different styles, each illustrates a significant trend in the scientific representation of the Other during the last half of the 20th century. This article analyses the films with particular attention to Meldgaard's changing ways of engaging with the Inuit as objects and subjects, respectively. It also compares Meldgaard's films with his two books on Inuit art, and discusses his films in the context of contemporary methodological developments in archaeology and anthropology. It concludes by recommending that future archaeologists follow Meldgaard's example and engage in sharing knowledge, through audiovisual media, with people affected by archaeological excavations, instead of letting media professionals take over the representation of archaeological knowledge.
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16450.More information
Keywords: Recherche qualitative, vécu, humain, conscience, démarche scientifique, analyse