Documents found
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16451.More information
ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to verify a model of relationships between psychosocial factors and health for 8066 francophone nurses working in geriatric care in Québec. A random sample of 1990 subjects was drawn and a participation rate of 77,9% and 55% was obtained for the two-time study taken twelve months apart. Based on the theory of Maddi and Kobasa (1984), the model was reproduced for the two-time periods with the aid of structural equations. The analyses showed that three variables exert a direct influence on psychological distress: professional burnout, occupational stressors and hardiness. Also, variables have a direct effect on burnout: listed in order of importance, these are hardiness, occupational stressors, work support, active strategies of coping and employment status. In dealing with the work stressors, the nurses who are hardy make use of active strategies of coping and look for support form their colleagues. The results of the study help to better understand the psychological and social resources thta best favor adaptation of working women in highly demanding work environements. The fallout of the study converges towards the quality of life of helping professionals and towards the cost and quality of health and social services.
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16452.More information
AbstractPrevious studies of French-English differences in mobility in Canada have suggested that although these existed, there was some tendency towards their lessening. This study compares French in Quebec and English throughout Canada. The two groups are compared in whole and using cohort analysis. Two methods are used, log-linear aniJysis, and regression. We find with both methods that while differences between the two groups remain, they are much smaller with more recent cohorts. This suggests that the traditional pattern of linguistic stratification in Canada may be disappearing.
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16453.More information
French-Canadian communities acknowledge, at least in discussion, the need to form new intercultural solidarities and integrate new knowledge, new perspectives and attitudes and new tastes; we may well wonder, however, what “Others” populate the imagination of their literary artists. Given the importance, for French-language literature in Canada, of the work of Asian-born writers including, for example, Ying Chen, Kim Thúy, Ook Chung and Aki Shimazaki, this article examines perceptions of the Asian in authors from French-speaking communities west of Quebec. To determine to what extent the Asian immigrant or emigrant can be included within the chapter of the new solidarities imagined within French-speaking Canada, this article focuses on four texts: Où iras-tuSam Lee Wong? by Gabrielle Roy, Une veille de Noël by Marguerite-A. Primeau, Lesoleil du lac qui se couche by J.R. Léveillé and Quelque chose comme une odeur deprintemps by Annie-Claude Thériault.
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16454.More information
AbstractAfter having pointed out the continuities and discontinuities between modern sociological theory and the political and social thought from which it grew, the author attempts to place political theory in perspective with the history of social movements in Western politics itself. Further, he proposes to demonstrate the impact modernization in non-Western countries has had on the concept of the relationship between State and society which in the European tradition is seen as antinomic. We are asked to consider this idea in context and to recognize, in this light of recent comparative studies in political sociology, that new questions have arisen about the way nature of the components of social and political centers tendencies and consequently about the possible variations in the affinity between State and society. These questions are analyzed here insofar as they add to the problems of political system legitimation, of political participation, and of the selection of political elites.
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16455.
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16456.More information
AbstractThere is nothing more American et first glance than Yves Beau-chemin's Le Matou, an urban novel that tells the story of one young Quebecois's capitalist initiation. However, a closer look at the character of Ratablavsky allows us to recognize the persistent presence in Beauchemin's work of not only certain French traditions (Rabelais, La Fontaine), but also a distinctly Quebec cultural tradition showing an attachment to "spiritual" values as well as a fear mixed with fascination towards foreigners. Taking into consideration other texts by the same author (L'Enfirouapé, Juliette Pomerleau), one observes a gradual ideological clarification, at the end of which the former "theocracy" is replaced by charity and a new Quebec identity crystallizing around the communal powerlessness of minority groups. Such an analysis gives rise to more global considerations concerning the evolution during which a given society can elaborate certain norms and values subject to a permanent process of questioning and renewal.
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16457.More information
Based on data from the survey of the uses of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by Cameroonian households and citizens in 2015, we estimate the effects of peers and social multipliers that manifest themselves in the online health information seeking. From a two-step generalized least squares spatial approach (GS2SLS), we find a social multiplier of 12.66. It shows that public policies could succeed in reducing the Internet-health usage divide by setting up an initiative that would target only a limited number of individuals.
Keywords: Recherche d'information en santé, Internet, Effets de pairs, Modèle spatial des moindres carrés généralisés en deux, Online health information seeking, Internet, Peer effects, two-step generalized least squares spatial model, Investigación de información de salud, Internet, Efectos de los compañeros, Modelo espacial de mínimos cuadrados generalizados en dos etapas
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16458.More information
SummaryThe goal of this research is to study the impacts of technological changes on the professional identity of a specific category of workers: technicians. This research is based on a case study of a major high-tech organization working in the telecommunications sector. This group of “technical workers” establishes itself both as a key social actor and also as a professional category weakened by a deep identity malaise.This malaise itself can be attributed to its own specific social history and to the recent technological changes that have had a major impact on the production structures of its “natural” activity space. The study, carried out in a factory in a suburb west of Montreal, started just after the beginning of a complex process of technological and organizational change. The study has a dual goal. The first goal is to understand the dynamics of change brought about by these transformations, which have led to a new distribution of qualification spaces and a redefinition of negotiation powers for the members of the community. A second goal is to analyse the mechanisms which were in place for the remaking of the technician position and which make up the basis for the reconstruction of her social and professional identity. It is the deconstruction of this process which lies at the basis of this research which also set out to question the explanatory impact of the controversial notion of technological determinism as related to the recent transformations which have affected industrial work. The analysis model calls on three notions. The first notion is that the dynamics of the social work space within the enterprise set up a transformation process that leads to a structuring of new disqualification and requalification spaces. The second is that these dynamics are not the result of technological change alone; other factors much be taken into consideration in the redefinition of the technician's identify and function. The third notion establishes a structural relation, of cause and effect, between the transformation process of the qualification spaces, their respective zones of uncertainty, and the technician identity through its technical, professional, and social components.The case study of this work sets up a constructivist and inductive approach, which takes the form of a long-term study, based on direct observation, personal conversations, and use of the organization's documentary sources.The research results bring out two major phenomena. The first is the homogenization of the production space. The research is presented in two parts: first the bringing together of manufacturing operations into a single ad hoc space linked to the function rather than the product but in line with the same methods of task distribution; and thereafter, the definition of identical tasks, with the constraint of operation automation and equipment computerization. The second phenomenon is that of the fragmentation of the technician community. This is based on a transversal fracture of the technical population as a socioprofessional community and on the division of the technician's function. The result of this phenomenon has been the disappearance of the largest of the sub-groups which previously made up the technician collective and which defined professional and collective identities; and the reconstitution of the community around two differentiated components: production technicians, and “specialized” technicians. The first group is by far the largest and includes, from this point in time on, operator technicians who have been greatly disqualified. Our results associate the second group with a redefined identify as a technician, a new collective group characterized by the appropriation of power spaces and technical means of authority, all of this to the detriment of both technical support (engineering) and hierarchical support (management).Each group draws its resources from the same formerly homogenous population for which the enterprise's social space allowed a “long maturation period”—from the 1960's—and an identity affirmation based on professional function and on a technical mastery which were institutionally recognized in the industrial space. This global transformation dynamic also led to the restructuration of the organization's professional and social system.The results show that technological changes did not play an exclusive or overly developed role. The determinism attributed to the changes is, all things considered, relative when these are part of a complex dynamic with which other factors are associated, among which the enterprise's strategy as an actor plays a decisive role. This is not because this role is more or less decisive than the dynamic stemming from technological changes, but rather because the former acts as a catalyst creating the conditions favourable to such an action. The technological changes appear, in the final analysis, as a strategic issue around which the power relations between different actors crystallized, particularly between technicians and leadership. Parallel to the irrefutable impacts of the “technical logic”, other strategic issues contributed to creating the social conditions for the institutional and collective action. The conduct and strategy of the leaders within the business are evident in a decisive manner at the very source of the main social transformations brought into focus by this study.This transformation dynamic cannot be seen as the sole result of some technological determinism, or of an unavoidable logic over which actors have no control. Research shows that technological changes are the focus of an instrumentalization as a contextual platform which leaders use as a basis to legitimize their strategic choices in the field of work organization.
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16459.
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16460.More information
The desire to change the perception that members of the school and civilian community hold towards newcomer children led us to conduct a participatory action-research study. This study enabled us to identify the preconditions for 1) a coeducation and spontaneous communication activity of students in contact with a diversity of locations, actors, and fields of activity; 2) interactions within the various communicational communities to foster relations that enable mutual recognition. The first condition seems to rely on a recognition of a universal human being within the child immigrant. The second condition is defined by confidence and esteem – of self and of the other. Finally, the third condition comes from the adult “letting go” and from the possibilities of actions that are open to the children.
Keywords: reconnaissance, co-éducation, classe d’accueil, nouveaux arrivants, collaboration école-famille-communauté