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This article explores the way the question of the meaning of being is developed in the writings of P. Ricœur. Johann Michel shows that ricœurian hermeneutic ontology appears as fragmented, disseminated in many books : it never sets itself up as a closed, achieved system. However, through these fragments of ontology, J. Michel intends to bring out two frameworks, one (onto-poetic) which originates in La métaphore vive, the other (onto-anthropology) which finds its highest point in Soi-même comme un autre. Even if each one gets its own topos, both converge to the same “voie longue” of hermeneutics.
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SummaryA vast undertaking in the critique of the sciences of man, Fernand Dumont's work, Une anthropologie en l'absence de l'homme substitutes a traditional epistemology characterized by the search for foundations of scientific activity anduhe definition of the criteria of truth, for an epistemology of relevance, which restores science's place within culture. Science, which attempts to explain and interpret culture, is not only the product of a culture, but also a production of culture. A problematical two-way relationship arises from this : the relation of observer to subject and the relation of the observer to his society or culture, and thereby with the various social practices, beliefs, and cultural representations. But must such an epistemology introducing a sociological perspective only give rise to a questioning of existence, or should it be linked to a sociology of intellectuals and, in a broader sense, with a sociology of power (symbolic)? The comments made by Nicole Gagnon, Claude Savary, and Roberto Miguelez on Dumont's work demonstrate a concern for a full understanding of his thought, the characteristics of his approach, and his main contributions, and raise a number of questions which open the way to pursuing and enriching the debate initiated by Dumont.