Documents found
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3081.More information
AbstractFor nearly 60 years, the nineteenth century colony of the Red River was mainly Franco-Métis. Born of marriages between French Canadian fur traders and Amerindian women, the Métis—or to use the Métis pronunciation “Mitchifs”—believed they were the “New Nation”. Yet, before the end of the century, they were becoming “Canada's forgotten people”. The creation of the Manitoba province in 1870, followed by their defeat at the Battle of Batoche against Canadian forces in 1885, and then the execution of their spiritual and political leader, Louis Riel, for high treason—these events had consequences which led to the dispersion of their communities and the re-identification of many individuals. They disappeared from the public scene until the 1960s, and after this period of “great silence”, they had experienced significant losses: How does a fragmented community, or a community that no longer dares to admit its heritage, hand down its oral tradition? Today, Métis artists are helping their own to celebrate what remains of their cultural core, but entire segments of the collective memory are missing. This article looks at a project aimed at giving back to the Métis community a small part of their heritage.
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3082.More information
A conceptual framework is provided by the "states of the world" approach (reviewed in section 1). The powerful normative analysis of individual decision-making under uncertainty extends the theory of consumer choice under certainty into an adequate specification of individual norms of behavior (section 2). But the link with observable market phenomena would require the existence of a complete set of insurance markets, one for every commodity conditionally on every state of the world. Although some disagreement persists on this point, the author feels that the insurance and asset markets which exist in western economies fall substantially short of offering trading opportunities comparable to those implied by a complete set of insurance markets. Consequently, consumer preferences are incompletely revealed by market prices. And business firms lack the information required to reach decisions by mere arithmetic comparisons of alternative profit levels (section 3). Management under uncertainty and incomplete markets acquires genuine significance. What norms of managerial behavior should be assumed for positive economic analysis is a disputed issue. From a normative viewpoint, managerial decisions must be viewed as group decisions, with consequences affecting many individuals—and the theory of such decisions is by necessity more complex (section 4).Deprived of the powerful clarification introduced by the competitive markets lamppost, the economic analysis of uncertainty must fall back on the elementary principle that all risks are ultimately borne by the individual economic agents, in their triple capacity as consumers, workers and investors. Alternative policies by firm managers or public officials must be evaluated in terms of their consequence for individuals on these three levels. The absence of market references and of reliable positive models causes difficulties in eliciting these consequences. A major concern of policy makers should be to understand better what forms of uncertainty are most costly to bear for individuals, so as to design institutions and policies aimed at transforming these into less costly alternatives (section 5).
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3083.More information
The influence of subjectivity on the process of selection of documents for digitization has not been studied in depth. The present study discusses subjective factors which underlie the choices of professionals engaged in digitization projects; it also offers a reflection on the way they make decisions related to selection and examines to what extent their personal viewpoints influence the process of selection. Interviews with five library and archives professionals reveal six recurring subjective factors. Documentation of the influence of these factors offers clarity and great understanding of digitized objects.
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3084.
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3086.More information
Keywords: Écarts salariaux, discrimination, ségrégation occupationnelle, genre, catégories socioprofessionnelles
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3087.More information
Although there was a certain renewal of activity in the Quebec forestry industry during the first half of this decade, it has experienced difficulty in replacing its aging work force. Based on the results of a survey, the author brings to light certain factors that may explain this problem of succession. These include the mode of remuneration based on production, and the requirement for workers to provide their own tools, two aspects of labour management that hinder the recruitment and training of young workers in this industry. The author proposes a sociohistorical analysis of these malfunctions of the productive system.
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3089.More information
AbstractFrom the literature pertaining to widowhood and remarriage in the xixth century in the western society, the following observation emerges : men tended to remarry more than women. Nevertheless, few studies focus on the factors determining this observed disparity between genders. Based on linked data drawn from the 1871 to 1901 census data (PHSVQ, CIEQ-Laval ) and 1870 to 1899 marriage acts (BALSAC,UQAC), this article intends to illustrate the distinctive motivation between genders for remarrying or remaining a widow. Using a logistic regression analysis, our results show a strong disparity between genders with regards to the inclination to remarry or remain widowed. Additionally, our results also testify that this distinction in the widower's and widow's matrimonial behavior is related to the context of strong division of labor in which men and women's roles were socially determined during these times.
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3090.More information
This contribution reports on a study conducted as part of a research on early childhood educators' vocational training in Geneva. We wish to better understand the interrelational positioning challenges that the students face during the activities in which they participate in the workplace. The multimodal analysis highlights the frequent shifts of the participants' reciprocal positions in mentoring interactions, and shows the coexistence of two inverted asymmetrical relations in a form of “double-cross asymmetry”. In this context, the trainees' positioning is vulnerable to the professional events that emerge in the course of interaction.
Keywords: rapports de place, positionnement, interaction, stagiaire, tutorat, interrelational positioning, interaction, mentoring, vocational education