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AbstractStudies of artisans in pre-industrial French Canada have given us a better understanding of the workings of certain trades and the characteristics of families in a broader social setting. Most authors, however, have studied urban artisans. This paper seeks to lend precision to the social portrait of rural artisans in the Montreal region early in the nineteenth century. More specifically, it attempts to define the modes of recruitment and the bases of the social cohesion of all the artisans of one rural community: Saint-Denis-sur-Richelieu. First, the paper traces the geographic and social origins of the artisan families of this parish, before measuring the degree of professional mobility of the artisans through their lives. Finally, aspects of mobility and stability of the members of the group are studied in the context of family and social reproduction.
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This research note is based on research conducted in the archives of the Marius Barbeau fund preserved at the Canadian Museum of History. The work conducted by the Québec folklorist starting in 1931 at the Musée d'ethnographie du Trocadéro helped to update the knowledge of some of the French collections stemming from its former North American colonies. Due to its ardent collaboration with the French museum specialist Georges-Henri Rivière, the Paris museum was then able to valorize a material culture, unknown until that point, in preparation for the opening of the Musée de l'Homme in 1937. Despite retiring in 1948, the indefatigable Marius Barbeau maintained a scientific correspondence with Georges-Henri Rivière and returned to Paris in 1953. He analyzed several Native American collections, the results shedding new light on the Franco-American heritage in Western European museums.
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The Mi'gmaq of Gespeg are an aboriginal community with no assigned territory. This situation amplifies their desire to reclaim the territory and its resources encountered by First Nations in Canada. This desire has been embodied in forest co-management agreements with the Government of Quebec. To understand this transformative process, we carried out a case study based on a collaborative and partnership approach with the Mi'gmaq of Gespeg. Following the identification of their expectations and their vision about forest, we considered their socio-historical forest context, then analyzed their progress in forestry over the last twenty years, more particularly their commitment to co-management. We then developed a framework for analyzing forest governance, identifying in particular the conditions on which the community can act to realize its vision. We have found that community involvement in forestry seems to be a means to begin transforming the governance of their ancestral forest land. This strategic pathway, circumscribed by the co-management framework, would constitute a transition to indigenous territorial governance in Gespeg, in co-management with local partners, in which the mig'maq community assume an institutional entrepreneur role. The Mi'gmaq of Gespeg would thus exercise a function of transformative agent on the actionable conditions of the governance of the public lands towards the achievement of their vision of governance of the ancestral territory.
Keywords: Mi'gmaq, foresterie autochtone, cogestion forestière, gouvernance territoriale et forestière, agentivité, entrepreneur institutionnel, Mi'gmaq, aboriginal forestry, forest co-management, land and forest governance, agency, institutional entrepreneur
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Since the exceptional growth of microbreweries in Quebec since the 1990s, the symbolic and identity-related importance of Quebec microbrewery productions no longer needs to be demonstrated, and they have already been the subject of numerous semiotic and sociological analyses. This article proposes to look at a new phenomenon, that of the use of wild yeasts for the production of spontaneously fermented beers. While the regulatory framework defined by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency and imposed by the Régie des alcools, des courses et des jeux du Québec (RACJ) did not originally allow the use of wild yeasts according to the interpretation of the RACJ, a relaxation in the reading of the regulation in 2017 allowed the emergence of new brewing practices allowing the spontaneous fermentation of brews. In this article we will address three facets of this new vogue, namely the inclusion of these brewing practices in a “post-Pasteurian” movement which induces its own forms of spatialization given the material specificities of wild beer, the development of a brewing know-how between science and craftsmanship in contact with living and often unpredictable agents, and the identity dimension of this use of wild yeasts which lead us to rethink the definition of the notion of terroir for the brewing world.
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Very small enterprises (VSEs) demonstrate limited interest in marketing. This should not, however, be interpreted as resistance to change or simply an overly traditional view of management. Although such a view is part of the relationship between VSEs and marketing, other factors appear to better explain observed behaviour, specifically the particular relationship VSEs have with their customers and their environment. This relationship is built around the concept of proximity, both geographical and cultural, which puts the pursuit of new customers - a primary marketing objective - in a different perspective.We have analyzed the reasons for this lack of interest using a survey of 376 French VSEs. We compared this survey to other similar studies. The results confirm that VSEs reject certain marketing practices, but without neglecting other types of strong customer connections. It is by examining these connections that we can best propose business and marketing solutions to suit these enterprises.
Keywords: Artisanat, Commercialisation, Marketing, Proximité, TPE
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310.More information
In the course of their history, the Hurons have had to adapt their traditional ways of life in order to assure their survival. They have thus passed from being semi-sedentary horticulturalists, to hunting, to finally developing an industry specialized in the manufacture of soft leather shoes. In the beginning of the twentieth century, the industry moved to the villages neighboring Loretteville and Saint-Emile that had the space, capital, and manpower necessary for large-scale manufacture. Although the Huron community finds itself marginalized in this process, several of its members continue to participate actively in the leather industry. The enterprises in the vicinity of Wendake take inspiration from their knowledge and their marketing methods to promote their own products. The ability of the Huron economy to adapt to changing circumstances has allowed it to attain a level of prosperity uncommon for an Amerindian reserve.