Documents found
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112392.
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112393.More information
The notion of public space, as it has been notably developed by Jürgen Habermas, appears problematic today. In the context of the continental integration of the Americas, the application of this notion calls for considerations regarding the transformations that societies have undergone since the development of mass democracy. It is possible to reconsider this notion today by focusing on this point, as well as on the new continental context, in relation to a general reference to the cultural hybridity of the Americas and the forms of political power that emerge in a continental community. Although numerous problems persist for the configuration of such a continental public space, the prospects for its theoretical and practical development are equally present. This idea will be developed here.
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112394.More information
The study uses data from the Nouna Population Observatory in Burkina Faso to examine mortality, chronic morbidity and self-reported health of residents aged 50 and above by type of residence (household living arrangements). We use the Gompertz parametric model for the analysis of mortality, and logistic regression models for self-reported health and chronic morbidity. The results show that the health of older persons varies across household living arrangements, with an advantage for those living with a spouse. Men living alone or with young dependents report more chronic diseases than women living alone or with young dependents. On the other hand, married men report that they are healthier than married women. In addition, widowers living with non-dependent children exhibit a higher risk of death compared to widows of the same group. This study revealed the importance of residential arrangements for health in rural area in Africa. Older persons living with other non-dependent people have better health than others.
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112395.More information
This article provides a practical test of the various obstacles relating to the exercise of universal jurisdiction in Africa in light of the Habré case, by putting the spotlight on both the contextual and substantial specificities of the Extraordinary African Chambers. Contextually, it looks back on the decisive points that have marked the course of these « newborns » before the Chambers were able to join the category of internationalized tribunals. Following a comparison of different views regarding their nature and in light of the seven traditional criteria, this article concludes that these Chambers constitute an internationalized tribunal, even if they are the most “national” within this category. This contextual component accordingly ends with a brief discussion of the question of whether Senegal fulfills its international obligation under the Convention against Torture in prosecuting Habré before an internationalized tribunal. With regard to its substantial characteristics, this article examines the issue of jurisdiction and compares the different crimes with the existing legal framework.
Keywords: Habré, Chambres africaines extraordinaires, tribunal internationalisé, compétence universelle, crimes internationaux, Union africaine, Habré, Extraordinary African Chambers, internationalized tribunal, universal jurisdiction, international crimes, African Union, Habré, Cámaras africanas extraordinarias, tribunal internacionalizado, competencia universal, crímenes internaciolanes, Unión africana
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112399.More information
Although much remains the same in world politics despite claims that a new global order has emerged out of the rubble of the Cold War, there is a level at which the emergence of a new order can be discerned. If one probes beneath the outcomes of international affairs and focuses on their underpinnings, it is possible to trace the utlines of new foundations of global politics. This new world order is depicted in terms of three basic parameters that bind the global System, each of which is posited as undergoing profound and enduring transformation. At the micro level the analytic skills of individuals everywhere are conceived to have undergone extensive expansion. At the macro level of systemic structure the transformation involves the bifurcation of world politics into a state-centric world and a multi-centric world, neither of which is predominant and both of which are responsive to the other. At the macro-micro level, which links individuals to their macro collectivities, transformation is seen to have occurred in authority relations, with the dynamics of change having moved authority structures from being in place to being in crisis. While these fundamental transformations are seen as fostering endless tensions between the centralizing and decentralizing forces at work in the world, the resulting turbulence is not viewed as amounting to disorder. Rather, the emergent global order is viewed as encouraging the institutionalization of the tensions, the outcome of which is readily discernible in present day relations among the states analyzed in this symposium.
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112400.More information
During the Cold War, the United States sought to influence the thinking of allied militaries by offering education to foreign officers, especially those designated by their governments as likely to be promoted to higher strategic command. The goal of this effort was to support the overall American national security policy of containment and deterrence and Utile emphasis was placed upon the diffusion of liberal-democratic norms in civil-military relations. What developed was an international military fraternity : « old school ties, » that linked the senior command of allied countries with the U.S. military. In the case of non-democratic allies, these links may have actually reinforced and perpetuated non-democratic norms in those countries. In the post-Cold War era American national security policy has stressed the promotion of liberal-democratic norms in civil-military relations as a more explicit goal of international military education. It is also a goal of the increased cooperation with foreign militaries taking place under the auspices of the regional Commanders-in-Chief (CINCS). It is not evident, though, that these norms are being conveyed in a way that strengthens civilian control of the military and national security policy.