Documents found
-
112421.More information
AbstractThe authors have conducted a study aiming at determining the unit of translation (UT), a subject of debate for more than forty years. The article consists of a review of relevant literature, a redefinition of the UT, an examination of sampled translated texts, excerpts and sentences of over 23,000 pages, including the Bible and Soul Mountain, translated from the Nobel Prize-winning novel of the Chinese author, Gao Xingjian, and an international survey. The contrastive analysis of these ST and TT materials shows that translations are done sentence by sentence within context and thus identifies the sentence in context as the UT. This identification is further confirmed by an international survey of 66 professional translators and translation editors. By verifying the UT, this study indicates that for a UT-related theory to be testable, the translation theorist should no longer ignore or sideline the sentence from its context.
Keywords: unit of translation/translation unit (UT), sentence in context, translation quality assessment (TQA), translation studies, translatology
-
112422.More information
This paper examines how gender and the occupation of one's spouse may explain differences in the amounts and types of spousal support individuals receive when coping with the stress of their job. We analyze survey data from a sample of married lawyers, some of whom are married to other lawyers and others who have spouses who are not lawyers. The results show that men receive more emotional support from their spouse than women, regardless of their spouse's occupation. In contrast, lawyers receive more informational support from their spouse if they are also a lawyer, regardless of their gender. These fi ndings suggest that wives provide more understanding and empathy to their spouses than husbands, consistent with the literature on gender diff erences in social support. Our fi ndings also suggest that when it comes to providing informational support in terms of sharing advice, suggestions, solutions or relevant experiences in solving a work-related problem, a spouse who is in the same occupation may be better able to provide support. This is consistent with the literature demonstrating the importance of shared experiences in understanding the eff ectives of social support. Future research might explore not only the importance of shared statuses, such as occupation, but also the meaning of shared experiences in order to better understand spouses' support of one another.
Keywords: work, family, spousal support, occupational similarity, travail, famille, soutien conjugal, similitude professionnelle, trabajo, familia, apoyo conyugal, similitud profesional
-
112423.More information
From Nuremberg to The Hague, a hiatus existed between the implication of individuals and moral persons in the commission of crimes against humanity and the possibility to bring into play the responsibility of these two categories of actors. This gross asymmetry between the responsibility of the individual and the irresponsibility of the moral person translated the diffuse sentiment that the veil of the moral personality was a ticket of accession to impunity. The adoption by the International Law Commission (ILC), in 2017, of the draft articles on crimes against humanity, whose one of the major innovations is the responsibility of moral persons, marks a change of paradigm. However, the efficiency of this major turn requires a definition of a proper model of imputation and harmonisation of the sanction. To define proper imputation criteria implies an objective overtaking of the conception of the imputation solely based on the human substratum to subjectively elaborate a proper guilt on collective beings articulated around the failures of the entity's organization or in the duty of controlling the behaviours of members of the entity. The draft of the ILC leaves the care to States to choose the sanction. The option of an alternative to the sanction presents numerous inconvenience which requires the elaboration of rules of global and coherent competence. The rules of competence retained by the ILC have a vocation to seize the actions performed by individuals, they are silent when the author is a moral person. It is therefore important to define rules of competence likely to fail the territoriality and to enforce the direct responsibility of moral persons. In this regard, the choice of a concurrent competence between the jurisdictions of the State of origin of the parent company and those of the host State of the subsidiary seems relevant.
-
112425.More information
The academic field of geography is deeply embedded within capitalist and settler colonial logics and has played a major role in suppressing and concealing Indigenous histories along with rights claims, cultures, and practices. While geography’s origins are deeply problematic, over the past decades, many scholars and practitioners have offered counter theoretical and practical perspectives and approaches. Radical food geographies praxis is one such example that is rooted in engaged and socially relevant theory, practice, and reflection. In this article, we present reflections from our experience with radical food geographies research praxis through a collaborative food sovereignty, action-oriented project co-developed and co-led by two settler academics, a documentary filmmaker, and the Chief of Batchewana First Nation. From 2018-2022, we embarked on an effort to share stories of Batchewana First Nation’s historical and current fishing practices, culture, and governance through the co-creation of a feature length documentary film titled, Lake Superior Our Helper: Stories from Batchewanaung Anishinabek Fisheries (https://www.batchewanaungfish.ca). To write this paper, we engaged in a process of collective autoethnography that involved documenting our individual reflections on the project and then bringing these perspectives into dialogue. Emerging from this process, we share our insights for an engaged research praxis, focusing on meaningful and authentic relationships and partnership building, participatory film as a tool for collaborative research, and radical food geographies. We present these insights with the aim of improving our own individual and collaborative practice and to share our learnings with other scholars, activists, and community practitioners engaged in similar partnership-based and praxis-oriented geographic research.
Keywords: Batchewana First Nation, food sovereignty, Indigenous-settler partnerships, participatory film, radical food geographies
-
112428.More information
Keywords: routines musique-littératie, adaptation scolaire, trouble développemental du langage (TDL), enseignement primaire, littératie, musique