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SUMMARYWe calculated health expectancy by sex at birth and age 65 for Quebec and Canada, based on special tabulations of disability prevalence rates in the total population (including residents of institutions) estimated from the Health and Activity Limitation Survey (HALS) of 1986-87, and abridged life tables for 1985-87. For both sexes together, Québec had the lowest life expectancy of Canada's five regions, but the highest dis ability-free life expectancy. Using our weights for each state of health, disability adjusted life expectancy in Québec was almost identical to that of Canada for both sexes together at birth and at age 65; it was relatively higher for Québec women, and lower for Québec men Health expectancy results based on the Canada Health Survey (CHS) of 1978 79, though derived from a conceptually different measurement of disability, produced similar results in terms of the regional differences in Canada However, the differences between the two surveys in the measurement of disability precluded any meaningful comparison of changes over time in the absolute values of the health expectancy results
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54.More information
The election of the Harper government is generating a debate among scholars who study Canadian foreign policy. Given the conclusions they have reached to date, other case studies are necessary to contribute to this debate. This article seeks to answer the following question : is Canadian foreign policy formulated and implemented in accordance with the dominant idea or from a strategic neocontinentalist perspective ? A hypothesis regarding the emergence of a neocontinentalist vision will be tested by examining Canada's Iranian policy. Indeed, while it is seen as an important policy by the current government, it remains poorly documented.
Keywords: Canada, politique étrangère, culture stratégique, néocontinentalisme, Canadian foreign policy, strategic culture, neocontinentalism, Iran, Canadá, política exterior, culture estratégica, neocontinentalismo
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In order to know which species of Fusarium are ice nucleating and to determine the factors affecting their pathogenicity, ice nucleation activity (INA) was examined in Fusarium oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides, and F. tricinctum. Positive controls (lna+) used were F. acuminatum and F. avenaceum. The test for fungal INA was done with a simple and rapid tube nucleation assay. Twelve out of the 42 F. oxysporum isolates, and 8 out of 14 F. tricinctum isolates were lna+. No INA was detected in F sporotrichioides. In this test the threshold freezing temperature tended to increase with culture age, reaching a peak of -1°C in a few samples, which is as high as the warmest INA reported for bacteria, and higher than the INA detected in pure cultures of free-living fungi, lichen fungi, lichen algae and cyanobacteria. This is the first report of INA for F oxysporum.