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Located on one of the most heavily trafficked sea routes in the world, the Horn of Africa is central to the Belt and Road Initiative (bri) in Africa, as evidenced by the flood of construction contracts for port and rail infrastructure in the region. In this article, we reverse the perspective and analyze the strategy of local actors using the concept of extraversion. The countries in the region do not see themselves as being subjected to an asymmetrical relationship with China. On the contrary, the asymmetry is accepted, and even serves as a mode of action for local governments. We focus especially on the relations between China, Ethiopia, and Djibouti, which are based on an economic and political partnership. The bri reinforces a regional order centred around Ethiopian regional power.

Keywords: Belt and Road Initiative, Corne de l'Afrique, Éthiopie, Djibouti, Kenya, Stratégie d'extraversion, Belt and Road Initiative, Horn of Africa, Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, extraversion strategy, Belt and Road Initiative, Cuerno de África, Etiopía, Djibouti, Kenia, estrategia de extroversión

This study strives to analyze the impact of the notion of border in the political implementation of the French-speaking countries project.The study proceeds in three phases. It observes first how the specific rhetoric of the political speech pronounced in the official assembly of the OIF (Organisation internationale de la Francophonie) testifies through the effects of inclusion and exclusion, diverse views of the French-speaking project.Then, the study tries to demonstrate how the definition of the French-speaking project is torn between the respect for national borders and a temptation of a universalism strongly infused by mythology. The myth of Babel can be used here to observe a cultural field in which is built the modern approach of the French-speaking countries project.The study finally observes that the specific status of the French language is a carrier for modernity, but to propose a viable way, the French-speaking countries project has to explore new territories, by giving up inward-looking and old fashioned ideologies.

Keywords: Francophonie, analyse du discours, langue française, frontières, projet, Francophonie, speech analysis, French language, borders, project

Considering that a song can be construed as a communication act (Lasswell 1948), we examined, both qualitatively and inductively, the religious content of lyrics as well as the relational context underlying them within 195 national anthems. In line with this goal, our results indicate that religion is present in the lyrics of two thirds of the world's national anthems. Our results also demonstrate that four types of relations underlie the content of lyrics namely intragroup and intergroup relations as well as two parasocial relations (one with country and the other with a religious entity). Finally, our qualitative analyses show that both parasocial interactions can be described as asymmetric yet complementary in nature. Results are discussed in line with the idea that identity is constructed in a relational manner.

The focus of the present article is on the French-language translations and adaptations of Our Bodies, Ourselves (OBOS), a classic of feminist literature published in the United States in 1971. We explore the diversity implicit in the “we” and “us” that inform expressions like “we women” or “us women” by examining three translations and adaptations of OBOS produced in historically and geopolitically different francophone environments. These translations, we will argue, demonstrate an attempt to represent this diversity through research and writing methods informed by reflexivity and intersectionality, both of which invite women translators to reflect on their own position vis-à-vis the other women they are writing about, and to acknowledge the unequal power relationships that may exist between them. In the first part of the article, we discuss the origins of OBOS and then the French-language versions published in France and in Senegal. In the second part, we focus on intersectionality, its development within the women's movement in Quebec, and its key role in the adaptation process undertaken by a group of feminist activists currently working on the new translation of OBOS. By engaging with reflexivity and intersectionality, the translators demonstrate a willingness to take into consideration unequal power relations between women who are differently positioned vis-à-vis “we women.” Further, the case of OBOS offers a translation approach where “faithfulness” lies not in the literal retransmission of the source text, but rather in upholding the message of a political project aimed at helping women regain power over their lives.

Keywords: Our Bodies Ourselves, santé des femmes, adaptation culturelle, réflexivité, intersectionnalité, Our Bodies Ourselves, women's health, cultural adaptation, reflexivity, intersectionality

So far most of the means for the domination of a conflict have been directed towards the total domination of the enemy and in particular towards taking the initiative over him. By combining the works of Idries Shah and Francisco Varela we suggest here to add to this conventional dimension of strategy a rather non conventional one consisting in the modeling of conflicts as autonomous entities which can be targeted and destroyed. Domination and the taking of strategic initiative then require not only the capacity to destroy enemy forces but also the unconditional capacity to destroy any declared conflict. In conclusion we suggest that such a war against war be federated by William Jame's “moral equivalent of war” along with the psychology of a total resistance in the sense of Hans von Bach.

Keywords: Stratégie, Intelligence Économique, systèmes de systèmes (SdS), Aide à la décision, Knowledge Management, Théorie des jeux, Dissuasion, Résistance totale, Guerre asymétrique, Sciences de la Paix

this article deals with « speaking in tongues », the so-called glossolalia. This practice is one of the main singularities of the Pentecostal movement which is very successful in the contemporaneous world. This language can be irrevocably enigmatic since it is constituted of words invented by prayers. We are going to try to make sense to glossolalia in that this disheveled and sibylline discourse can actually reveal the structure of the society in light of a philosophical and psychoanalytical anthropology. More exactly this language reflects upstream the South African social fragmentation, the indetermination of the democratic paradigm and uncertainties exacerbated by the neo-liberal economic model. The glossolalia can downstream be likened to a cathartic trance which aims at purifying the troubles that South African society engenders.

Keywords: glossolalie, Pentecôtisme, Afrique du Sud, Religion, Langage, Sémiologie, glossolalia, Pentecostalism, South Africa, Religion, Language, Semiology

Keywords: Transport, aérien, accessibilité, îles, insulaire, océan Indien