Documents found
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208.More information
Social policies represent a major question for the transformations at stake in Central and Eastern Europe, since ten years. In a gender perspective, they are doubly important as they contribute to define the profile of citizenship, and thus the statute of individuals within society. The article puts into light a number of changes in comparison with past orientations and underlines that a bit everywhere in Eastern Europe, the present policies mean a degradation of daily life for an important majority of women, in the light of what has happened more specifically in Poland, Hungary and Bulgaria, this paper tries to evaluate the weight of state intervention and the impact of social policies in terms of practices and representations.
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209.More information
AbstractThe drafting of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and, subsequently, the drafting of the European Constitution, with regard to the inscription of the religious, then Christian, heritage in the Preamble, gave rise to a controversy that is analysed here under its French and Belgian aspect. The study of this mobilization allows us to analyse what is at stake in the articulation between the national and European level of apprehension vis-à-vis the question of religion. The European experience in terms of a political project starting with the European citizenship established in 1992 led the various national societies, and perhaps France above all, to react in favour of a proper national model of management of religious issues or at least in favour of new modes of understanding religion in the public realm. In return, religion is also an identity resource used either as a source of resistance in order to extend the unpopular national orientations on the European level or as a source of political and moral delegitimization of that new political arena. The European political space thus constitutes a new field of opportunities for religious-based mobilizations.