Documents found
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571.More information
The overall intention of this article is to formulate a brief review of the relationship between the European Union and the United Kingdom, under the guise of explaining and determining what “differentiated integration” is in the European Union. In striving to contextualize the UK's impending exit from, and subsequent consequences for, the European Union, this article recalls that the development of differentiation in the European Union is paradoxical for an international organization that has developed the “EU's Acquis”; the obligatory legislation for each new member state. From this perspective, the article returns to the legal aspect of this differentiation and strives to reflect on whether the United Kingdom, still on the fringe of the European Union, has been a differentiation factor itself, and furthermore, to what extent its exit could provide the remaining member states with the opportunity to refocus on the European project.
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574.
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575.More information
From the coming into force of the Free Trade Agreement between Canada and the United States in 1989 to the second referendum on Québec sovereignty in 1995, references to the European construction were present in political debates. After the 1995 Referendum, references to the European construction became scarce. References to the European construction, during the period prior to the referendum, and their absence, following the 1995 Québec referendum, indicate how Canadian and Québec political microcosms work. There is a strategic selection of elements about the European construction in the context of Canada-Québec relations and the evolution of Canadian federalism. This strategic selection of elements is in keeping with the struggle to conquer the political space. The uses of references to the European construction in political discourses obeyed a partisan logic aimed at making more convincing arguments of Federalist and Sovereignist forces. This study brings to light what we call the « mirror effect » because the object under study reveals more about the Canada-Québec Constitutional issue than Europe.
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576.More information
SummaryThe intellectual overlapping between the rise of the West, of capitalism and of the modern world is one of the basic elements of our knowledge in the historical social sciences. The phenomenon is generally presented as a great "achievement" ("a miracle") for which an explanation or a moving force must be found. This paper looks into the main recent explanations of what is called the transition from feudalism to capitalism or the birth of modernity, by separating them into analyses of "economic conditions" and analyses of "civilisation". It then asks the question as to whether this process should be designated as miraculous or progressive, or if it would be more fitting to think of it as a monumental failure of social constraints. It points to a four-way conjunction of collapses - of the lords, the States, the Church and the Mongols. This completely unexpected and exceptional conjunction would seem to have been responsable for the birth of the aberrant structure of historical capitalism.
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577.More information
Beyond the combined exercise of arguments, criteria for adhesion and antechambers like the Partnership for Peace (pfp) and the Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC), the enlargement of the Alliance may be altogether a factor allowing at term an access to the Central Asian markets, a decisive step towards a large security belt stretching from Vancouver to Vladivostok within which NATO would become the defence System of a strengthened OSCE and, more subtly, the instrument of an economic and political atlantisation of the Old Continent.
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578.More information
The present article explores the temporal dimension to the health care reform introduced in Bulgaria in the late 1990s. The author inscribes her analysis in recent research on both gradual structuring of change and historical sociology. She thus shows the reform's dual temporality: even if the paradigmatic change introduced by the reform suggests the idea of immediacy, the reform remains strongly influenced by long term processes. Beyond its double nature, the temporality of change introduced by the reform also appears accelerated as a consequence from the complex relations between time and space, and the introduction of neo-managerial ideas in the reform's implementation sequence. Those temporal phenomena impact on the main actors involved in the health sector's expectations from change and suggest that the communist past remains a dominant time of the Bulgarian health system history, reviving the conflictual dynamics inherent to the system.
Keywords: Système de santé, réforme, changement, trajectoire, temporalité, conflit, Bulgarie, Health Care, Reform, Change, Trajectory, Temporality, Conflict, Bulgaria