Documents found
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54.More information
Canada's role in NATO and European security is almost unknown by its European allies. This article tries to offset this deficiency by laying out Canadian initiatives in arms control, setting up of confidence building measures and in the implementation of the cooperative security concept to Europe between 1987 and 1997. The article shows the evolution of the Canadian government position toward the European security. The first part of the article considers the rele played by Canada in arms control between 1987 and 1992, more specifically during the Conventional Forces in Europe reduction treaty (OEE) negotiations and in the implementation of the « Open Skies » regime. The second part of the article looks at the evolution of the Canadian approach toward European security and at the emphasis put on cooperative security. Canada's goal being to allow NATO to play the political role provided by article 2 of the Washington Treaty. The article shows nonetheless that the flimsiness of Canada's politics concerning NATO had weakened its position towards its allies and its future role in the Alliance.
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AbstractThe “Weimar Triangle” was inaugurated in 1991 as a trilateral cooperation between France, Germany and Poland. It has been acting as a mediator between the “old Europe”, represented by the French-German relationship and the “new Europe” represented by Poland. However, this new Europe has been characterized, among other things, by Poland's support of American politics. The article discusses this and other conflicts and shows that, in spite of disagreements between its members, the “Weimar Triangle” continues to serve as a model of national cooperation, due to flexibility and adjustment.
Keywords: Allemagne, France, Pologne, vieille Europe, nouvelle Europe, Germany, France, Poland, old Europe, new Europe
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Initiating a process of integration that continues in 2006, Cooperatives Europe was created on 1 March 2005 to bring together the forces of the cooperative movement at the European level. Gaining visibility to make the specific features of cooperatives known to European institutions is an important objective. The author of the article, himself involved in this process, recalls the different stages in getting the cooperative movement recognized in EU texts and programs up until the adoption of the statute for a European cooperative society in July 2003 and the communication of the European Commission on the promotion of cooperative societies in Europe in February 2004 (an excerpt of this communication appears in the appendix). A few quantitative elements show the importance of the cooperative sector in Europe. There is still, however, a lot to do. From the risk of going mainstream to the question of resources, these topical issues are examined in the article.
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As many others in the history, the European Union, while building its institutional tools is in search of its own identity. Identity to be found ? Mythology to be written ? The question is far from simple for people. For it is certainly commendable to want to untangle the complexity of our roots and to refer to a common heritage, but not without trying to explain the reasons for such an approach, the methods used to achieve such a goal and the fundamental way in which these findings will be used. Examples abound of such identities becoming fatal through too much self-contemplation whilst they should fundamentally reflect towards the Other.
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ABSTRACTThis article examines Condorcet's complex relationship with the ideal of perfectibility inherited from Enlightenment philosophy. Condorcet's Atlantis continues and develops More's Utopian ideal ; the horizon for this critical return to Utopia is Europe. In Condorcet the Utopian hope is fulfilled in a definition of Europe as an ethical and political task. The present slogan of the "end of Utopias" seems to us to be incompatible with the will to "build Europe".