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This paper maps the emergence and consequences of automated Algorithmic Performance Management (APM) in the context of higher education. After reviewing the evolution of productivity management in academia, it argues that surveillance via APM shifts expectations not just about effectiveness at work but also about how work, and the good worker, come to be defined. In our paradigmatic case study of Office 365, we specify how the automated surveillance of workforce practices are deployed to redefine productivity in higher education: productive workers become good data subjects as well as producers of papers, grants, and other traditional outputs of success. Our analysis suggests performing well at work is managed in and by the platform via logics of the surveillance of wellness, time-regulation, and social connectivity to influence, manage, and control workers. We critique these automated performance measures in terms of platform capitalism, noting Office 365’s Viva Insights function as a telematic device of surveillance. The final section of the paper places these trends in Australia’s socio-legal context by showing how Viva is insufficient for considering performance given the range of practices that constitute “academic work,” including but not limited to the need for unmonitored activity. Yet, we observe that currently little can be done about Office 365’s surveillant presence given a regulatory regime that by and large excludes productivity surveillance from the scope of regulated surveillance activities.

Keywords: algorithmic performance management, academia productivity management, Office 365, platform surveillance, performing productivity

Due notably to the emergence of massive open online courses (MOOCs), stakeholders in online education have amassed extensive databases on learners throughout the past decade. Administrators of online course platforms, for instance, possess a broad spectrum of information about their users. This information spans from users’ areas of interest to their learning habits, all of which is deduced from diverse analytics. Such circumstances have sparked intense discussions over the ethical implications and potential risks that databases present. In this article, we delve into an analysis of a survey distributed across three MOOCs with the intention to gain a deeper understanding of learners’ viewpoints on the use of their data. We first explore the perception of features and mechanisms of recommendation systems. Subsequently, we examine the issue of data transmission to third parties, particularly potential recruiters interested in applicants’ performance records on course platforms. Our findings reveal that younger generations demonstrate less resistance towards the exploitation of their data.

Keywords: learning analytics, massive open online course, MOOC, ethics, recommender systems, data privacy

This research is one of the first to study colorism in Belgium and examines the impact of colorism, physical attractiveness, and the interaction between these two variables on nurse recruitability. Colorism is a bias toward lighter skin color at the intra- and/or interethnic level (Sealy-Harrington et Watson Hamilton, 2018). Colorism related to Black people is a very understudied discrimination in Belgium as well as in France. The stereotypes attributed to Black women are generally negative; they occupy subordinate positions in the care professions (Gatugu, 2017). The darker their skin color, the more they are discriminated against and deemed less physically attractive (Hall, 2017). In the experimental design used, each respondent (n = 66) evaluated six fictitious nurse applications (CV and photo) on four dimensions: competence, human warmth, effort, and recruitability. The experimental design included two intra-subject variables concerning the candidates to be evaluated: physical appearance (attractive or not) and skin color (white, mixed-race Black, and Black). Repeated-measures analyses of variance revealed an interaction effect between colorism and attractiveness in relation to ratings of effort, competence, and recruitability. Attractive black-skinned candidates have higher effort scores than white and mixed-race black-skinned candidates. Attractive white-skinned candidates are rated higher on competency than attractive mixed-race and black-skinned candidates. However, there was no effect of colorism considered in isolation. The results show an interaction effect between physical attractiveness and colorism. It should be noted that mixed-race Blacks are less well evaluated. Further studies should be carried out to understand the mechanisms of specific discrimination affecting Black people.

Keywords: Colorism, Colorisme, Physical attractiveness, Attractivité physique, Care, Métiers de soins, Stéréotypes, Stereotypes, Discrimination, Discrimination

The aim of this qualitative study was to investigate the strategies used by the gambling industry to influence the reforming of the state online monopoly into a licensing system in Sweden in 2019, and to weaken state online monopoly in Finland. Methodologically, this study used primary data from 9 expert interviews in both countries and secondary data from prior literature, which were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The results identified five main political strategies used by the gambling industry: (1) Information, through lobbying politicians; (2) Constituency Building, through forming an alliance with interest groups; (3) Policy Substitution, through promoting alternative policies and self-regulation; (4) Legal Infringements; and (5) Regulatory Redundancy. The study concluded that the involvement of the gambling industry in policy-making influenced the change of the state online monopoly into a licensing system in Sweden in 2019 and is weakening the state online monopoly in Finland.

Keywords: case study, gambling, monopoly, policy, Finland, Sweden

Most North American police services have rapidly acquired and implemented a range of emerging and disruptive technologies in recent years. This rapid adoption of technologies has left a significant gap in our theoretical understanding of how police make decisions about which technologies to acquire. While existing research has focused on technology’s impact at the organizational level, the macro-level context that shapes technological acquisition by the police is undertheorized. To address this gap in the literature, this article combines theorizing by Ericson and Haggerty (1997) on policing the risk society (PRS) and Zuboff (2019) on surveillance capitalism (SC) to develop a macro-level theoretical framework. We consider technologies acquired by the police to be risk technologies and argue that combining key elements of PRS and SC theorizing offers a macro-level understanding of police decision-making about which technologies to adopt that can complement meso-level organizational theories. While calling for additional empirical research, this article concludes by discussing the potential impacts associated with private-sector involvement in public-sector initiatives and providing directions for future research.

Keywords: police and policing, risk technologies, surveillance capitalism, policing the risk society, organizational decision making, technology acceptance

Historically spoken in France, Switzerland and Italy, Francoprovençal has been a language of oral communication since the 6th century and a literary language since the 13th century. Diffused from Lyon on both sides of the major Alpine passes, it includes many dialects, but has often been autonomous from French. Production of texts in Francoprovençal is now rare in the Rhône-Alpes region, even in Savoie and Bresse, where there are still some speakers. If the language is to find an audience, even a small one, translation into French has become essential - especially as people who still understand the language are not used to reading it. Yet there was a time, particularly in the 17th century, when epics and plays were published in Francoprovençal without translation. Only the paratext was in French. At the turn of the 20th century, many chronicles in local newspapers were still published solely in “patois”. Then, as linguistic assimilation progressed after 1945, French appeared alongside Francoprovençal, particularly in bulletins from associations of “Patois” speakers or glossaries, which have multiplied since the 1980s and are often accompanied by bilingual stories. Translation into Francoprovençal also plays a role, but enriched with metalinguistic comments in French, especially in the case of comic strips or fables that are easily accessible in the original language. At a time when the native language has become almost inaudible in the public sphere, we seek to illustrate the issues surrounding translation, whether in terms of self-translation and double writing (two languages facing each other), the coexistence of languages to reflect the former societal diglossia, or the question of spelling - regional or supradialectal as the case may be.

Keywords: francoprovençal, Francoprovençal, Bilingual Writing, écriture bilingue, Diglossia, revitalisation, Revitalization, diglossie, self-translation, autotraduction

Introduction: Lesbian, bisexual, and pansexual (LBP) women as well as transgender, queer, and non-binary individuals (TQNB) often rely on medically assisted reproduction (MAR) to build their families, but do not always have access to these services. Currently, there appears to be no literature that comprehensively reviews, from an ecosystemic perspective, the main factors determining LBP women's and TQNB people's access to MAR.Objective: This rapid review aims to identify, from an ecosystemic perspective, the factors described in the scientific literature as influencing LBP women's and TQNB people's access to MAR.Methods: A literature search using 11 search engines identified 22 articles presenting results of recent empirical studies (2018-2023) using various methodologies. Relevant results were subjected to thematic analysis, and identified factors were classified within an ecosystemic model.Results: The identified factors are (1) at the microsystemic level, support from the social network and healthcare personnel; (2) at the exosystemic level, healthcare personnel's awareness of sexual and gender diversity, adequacy of information and documentation, organizational logic of fertility services, cost of services, legislation; (3) at the macrosystemic level, heterocisnormativity as a cross-cutting influence.Discussion and conclusion: To ensure access to MAR for LBP women and TQNB people, a comprehensive and multi-level approach is necessary. Suggestions for health practices and public policies are proposed.

Keywords: fertility services, services de fertilité, LGBTQ+ populations, populations LGBTQ+, sexual and gender diversity, diversité sexuelle et pluralité des genres, stratified reproduction, reproduction stratifiée, ecosystemic model, modèle écosystémique

This article examines the covert native-speakerist strategies iTutorGroup utilizes to discriminate against teachers of nationalities the company appears to deem as undesired. Through content analysis of numerous job application submissions to iTutorGroup’s website, results show iTutorGroup’s automatic hiring process offers teachers of these nationalities a much lower potential wage and only a video-recorded asynchronous interview, if not complete refusal to an interview. In contrast, British, Australasian, and North American nationals are afforded a much higher potential wage as well as a one-on-one live interview. The company conceals these nuanced discriminatory strategies with a façade of equality since they are one of TESOL International Association’s Global Partners. As a Global Partner, iTutorGroup follows suit in pretending to uphold TESOL’s nondiscrimination policies.

Keywords: nativespeakerism, native-speakerism, discriminations, discriminations, NEST, NEST, NNEST, NNEST, racisme, racism