Documents found
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2701.More information
ABSTRACTThis study compares the usage of three terms that refer to the phenomenon of Line Settlement. The administrative terminology is rich in occurrences but these are unevenly scattered. Synonyms express different levels of relationships between facts, concepts, and lexical entities.For rural dwellings, common usage gives eleven meanings for the word rang, seven for côte, and five for concession. Only one meaning of each term is shared by all three. Different meanings of these terms have often been falsely equated because of a lack of attention to semantic precision.During the French regime, the term côte had the most widespread usage, without being dominant. Around the middle of the nineteenth century, rang far surpassed côte, range, or other less frequent terms; it also supplanted to some degree concession. The level of synonymy varied from region to region.The article shows that the precise meaning of terms must be uncovered; as well, meaning evelved with time and place. Regions cannot be taken as representative of wider areas. Metalinguistic terms are not to be confused with common usage.
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2702.More information
ABSTRACTAmong the range of public policies for children are those involving the organisation of children's municipal councils. They are quite innovative in the way they link the world of childhood to political space. They put children onto the political stage, via an allegory of the game of politics, even as their promoters all the while deny that they have any political motive and claim they are only encouraging a more noble form of politics. This staging is at a minimum paradoxical, but it is also effective with respect to local political issues. The political naivete of the children protects them from criticism. Nonetheless, despite the appearance of being a-political, the representations of the child and the citizen that underpin these local events reveal conflicts which are truly political, whether partisan or simply strategic. Children's place as actors in a local political space remains limited.
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2703.More information
ABSTRACTThis article analyses a partnership experience that was made in Lithuania, within the context of Tempus programme of the European Union. The author's perspective is an unusual one; he was the co-ordinator of the project. Now with a distance of two years and an abundance of information, the author is able to distinguish the different types of partnerships that characterised the several phases of the project. At first the "partnership" was prescribed by those who put the pilot project into place. This invention of an institutional form both provided a formal shape to the project and allowed it to avoid becoming part of established order of Lithuanian universities. The introduction of a "second circle" of partners transformed the original contractual setting, and the resulting relative disorderliness allowed a genuine innovation to occur. This second change generated shared practices and meanings, albeit at the cost of heavy co-ordination tasks. The conclusion assesses the particularities of international partnership.
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2705.More information
This article examines the contradiction at the heart of rentier states, which are divided between the need to radically reform an economy exclusively dependent on gas and oil and the waverings of the ruling elite, who wish to remain in power and thus reap virtually all the benefits of these resources. Drawing on the case of Algeria, this article reassesses the still vital contribution of the rentier state theory (despite critiques lodged against it) in explaining the region's unique political dynamics, particularly with regard to authoritarian resilience.
Keywords: État rentier, hydrocarbures, diversification économique, Algérie, autoritarisme, Rentier state, hydrocarbons, economic diversification, Algeria, authoritarianism, Estado rentista, hidrocarburos, diversificación económica, Argelia, autoritarismo
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2706.More information
Keywords: Gracia Couturier
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2708.More information
Gérard Chaliand, geopolitical strategist, explains the reasons that led, on one hand, to western failures in irregular wars and, on the other hand, to the current collapse of the Islamic State. He also criticizes the inconsistencies of American and French foreign policy, as well as the relationship of the West with violence. This interview, conducted on April 26, 2017, is an opportunity to retrace Gérard Chaliand's atypical path. Born in 1934, the French geopolitical strategist has travelled the globe and its major conflicts by being an observer-participant: from Guinea-Bissau to North Vietnam, he has also spent a lot of time in the Middle East, traveling regularly in Afghanistan, Iraq and Syria. Beyond the figure of the geopolitologist "adventurer", he is also a poet, who finds refuge in writing in order to deal with the atrocity of conflict. For Gérard Chaliand, violence is not a concept, but above all a field experience, necessarily hard.
Keywords: politique, Occident, Moyen-Orient, Europe, guerre, géopolitique, poésie, politics, West, Middle-East, Europe, war, geopolitics, poetry
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2709.