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In this article, Laetitia Le Clech gives an overview of the different issues and particularities which come into play in the conservation of geographic archives. In addition to maps, these include photographs and images as well as certain studies of terrain. She first presents several examples of the processing of cartographic documents in different places, and discusses the challenges posed by these documents. Geographic archives have many uses in the areas of history and geopolitics and in the development of government policies. The author reviews and illustrates each of these uses with examples. She then gives an overview of the conservation of cartographic documents in the digital era. As with other types of archives, this context has its own set of questions and new practices, including digitization for preservation and communication, and also the issues of obsolescence and the establishment of new norms. The author finishes her text with a presentation of diverse initiatives for communication and document creation which are presented by the new possibilities offered by digitization. She also alerts us again certain abuses and promotes a strong framework, the better to highlight these special documents.

The classification of the Genbaku Dome (of Hiroshima) as World Heritage in 1996 is part of a trend to distinguish heritage of the worst, like Auschwitz, for its supposedly true, educational and cautionary virtues. During Barack Obama's visit to the site on May 26, 2016, the first American president to do so, he deplored the “lack of historical perspective” at this place of memory which failed to give an adequate “understanding” of the “tragedy of Hiroshima.” Is it possible that the declaration as heritage could have the perverse effect of de-historicizing a site when the intention is to memorialize, thus creating a heritage which holds no memory and, in fact, militates against history? Has a strategy of avoidance and vindication perhaps transformed the Dome into a “place of un-remembrance?” This is one way of questioning the role of UNESCO in the process of building heritage narratives and the complex relationships which exist among memory, history, and heritage.

Security issues in the Middle East are highly variable. Using Buzan and Waever's definition as its starting point, this paper seeks to demonstrate that, in the face of cybersecurity threats to national security, Middle Eastern governments respond according to their traditional strategic identities. The case of Saudi Arabia is particularly helpful in understanding the logic behind the integration of cybersecurity into national security approaches in the Persian/Arabian Gulf regional sub-system due to the country's dominant strategic position. Two questions arise from this analysis : the first is strictly theoretical and queries the culturalist interpretation of the strategies developed in response to growing cybersecurity threats in the Middle East. The second looks at regional subsystem dynamics and the systemic tensions that result when the interdependence of state actors comes into conflict with their search for national security.

Keywords: relations internationales, culture stratégique, cyberstratégie, cybersécurité, sécurité, sécurité nationale, risque cybernétique, International relations, strategic culture, cyberstrategy, cybersecurity, security, national security, cybernetic risk, relaciones internacionales, cultura estratégica, ciberestrategia, ciberseguridad, seguridad, seguridad nacional, riesgo cibernético

The ayahuasca international community is a global reality which currently gathers different social actors, various interests, and diverse representations and practices related to this psychoactive of amazonic origin. The objective of this article is to explore some characteristics of the symbolic production that creates and recreates the ayahuasca international community, the sort of relations it configures and its effects; as well as the ways in which ayahuasca, its diverse users and uses, and their defense are represented and conceived. I will center on two major aspects. First, the topics, ideas, and approaches related to the general perception of that considered as the community, i.e., the internal referents through which a certain “identity” and a notion of “us” is articulated. Second, the relation this international community keeps with indigenous peoples and the Amazonia as ambiguous referents which, while thought of as part of the community, are perceived at the same time as outsiders that remit to an idea of origin and authenticity. Mainly, I am interested in exploring how that symbolic production is linked to the existence of a localized hegemony, in the sense of a concentrated capacity of developed or Global North countries to direct and regulate the transit of people and cultural goods. Globalization produces an “universalizing” effect that encompasses and subsumes in its interior a whole variety of manifestations produced at the national and local levels, which are construed as hierarchically inferior or less overarching. Thus, my purpose is to highlight the weight and value of local and national production as essential coordinates in order to understand the (geo)politics of ayahuasca.

Keywords: ayahuasca, mondialisation, communauté, identité indigène, Amazonie, géopolitique, ayahuasca, globalization, community, indianity, Amazonia, geopolitics, ayahuasca, globalización, comunidad, indianidad, Amazonía, geopolítica

Sound artist Michel Neault spent nights in a marshalling yard enclosed in a residential area of Montreal. He follows radio dispatchers, car mechanics, train conductors. He places his silent microphone between their verbal exchanges, he intercepts their radio communications, and imitates the essential actions of their profession. The artist composes a sound portrait not only from the materials they rub up against, but also from their listening habits and their ability to describe the sound of their marshalling yard. The result is a two-parts radio documentary entitled Y Bush Corrida; its analysis will make audible its gestures, materials and figures.

Keywords: Michel Neault, Portrait, Pays, Communauté, Radio, Espace sonore, Michel Neault, Portrait, Place, Community, Radio, Soundspace

Structural realism is currently at the center of international political theory in the United States. Sociological interpretations of ethnocultural or linguistic hegemony aside, this scientifically rigorous theorizing can stand on its intrinsic merits and is destined to exercise a major influence on future efforts to construct explanatory models of international political relations. This article sets out why that is so by drawing a profile of a viable deductive macrotheory of Interstate politics. The new realist theory is distinguished from its more overtly normative and prescriptivist antecedents which sought to come to terms with the contending claims of power and ethics in world politics and from the self-conscious scientism of earlier Systems thinking which emphasized unit-processed interaction patterns. Structural realism has broken free from the holistic organicism of Systems theory, tributary to biological models, to align the theory-building enterprise with the more successful formal structuralism of the physico-chemical sciences which places a premium on the generic description of logico-mathematical group structures arrived at through the inventive deduction or axiomatic decision of their constituent unit s. The exemplar text of American structural realism posits a form of what Piaget called 'relational' structuralism predicated on distributions of power resources among the international System's unit s. This focus on internal or necessary asymmetric relations between and among polarizing and dependent units renders structural realism a choice object for synthesis with inductively generated geopolitical constructs which stress microstructural configurations of relative capabilities. The current wave of geopolitical writing in the French language is drawn on to demonstrate how the procedures of intertheoretical reduction can be employed to enrich structural realism's explanation of system-level constraints on state action via the introduction of a spatiotemporal component.

AbstractThe Muslim veil is a contentious subject in mainstream western culture and media. Its continued metonymy as a visual shorthand for the oppressed Muslim woman and by extension the misogyny or violence of Islam stands however in sharp contrast to the numerous depictions of the veil in contemporary artistic practice produced by artists of Muslim descent who now exhibit and often live in the west. This article analyzes this discrepancy and its various subtexts before charting three alternative narratives of the veil found in contemporary art. The specific works examined and the new narratives of the veil they bring forward reorient the gaze ; by displacing the veil, a site of cross-cultural mistranslation, they remap the world and uncover the possible spaces of transnational literacy or communication.