Documents found
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161.More information
Since 2013 and Edward Snowden's revelations, the problem of cyber (or digital) sovereignty has become a fundamental concern in Russia. The Russian authorities have adopted new policies in order to ensure the security of digital infrastructures around the country. Within this frame, new promotion policies for the development of Russian software have been launched by State actors and private corporations, which primarily beneficiate from them. A strategy of russification of the software programs used in Russia seems to have emerged in the form of new norms and regulations to regulate the design, functioning and usage of informatic tools. This new central -and strategic- position of the digital industry in Russia, which is designed to safeguard the interests of the Russian corporations and the State, both inside and outside the country, allows us to wonder if the country can now be regarded as an international digital power: did Russia become a cyber power ?
Keywords: Russie, numérique, puissance, stratégie, cyber, Russia, digital, power, strategy, cyber
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162.More information
In this paper, we will explore the phenomenon of attention capture and its commodification, using virtual personal assistants as an example. The latter will be presented as the concrete personification of the abstract mechanisms of capitalist domination. They will then appear as an example of a perverse practice of “taking care,” that of a diversion of care for predatory purposes. To support this statement, we will use the notions of “dirty care” and “phenomenology of the prey” developed by Elsa Dorlin in Se défendre, une philosophie de la violence, as well as the analysis of digital capitalism as predatory capitalism deployed in Techno-féodalisme, critique de l'économie numérique by Cédric Durand. To fully understand the context in which these virtual personal assistants are deployed, we will mobilize the concept of “algorithmic mediation” in the era of big data upstream by identifying four of its methods of intervention in reality; modalities that are fully in line with the logic of surveillance capitalism. At the end of our analysis, we will state that this surveillance capitalism—as it presents itself through virtual personal assistants—has all the appearances of a “predatory” digital capitalism whose capture (or even appropriation) of attention is facilitated by the protective and attentive face through which it manifests itself.
Keywords: médiation algorithmique, assistante personnelle virtuelle, care, dirty care, prédation, capitalisme de surveillance, algorithmic mediation, virtual personal assistant, care, dirty care, predation, surveillance capitalism
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163.More information
Following Pierre Moeglin's work (2006, 2016) on the industrialization of education, this paper is set in the context of the growing diffusion of a conception of digital education promoted by the French educational technology (EdTech) sector. We present the socio-economic context in which EdTech companies operate, and then introduce elements of reflection on the concept of “educational platform” in relation to existing works. The methodology, inspired by French social semiotics (Saemmer et al., 2022), mobilizes critical concepts from the semiotics of screen writing, coupled with research training with teachers, to whom we proposed to question the design choices of educational artifacts during a training course. Using the Lalilo platform as an object of study, we show how an introduction to social semiotics can lead teachers to reflect not only on the values, norms, and representations of the world modeled in the design of educational platforms, but also on their own representations of digital education.
Keywords: educational platforms, plateformes éducatives, industrialisation de l’éducation, Lalilo, Lalilo, teacher training, socio-semiotics, formation des enseignants, industrialization of education, sémiotique sociale, critical approach, approche critique, digital culture, culture numérique, écrits d’écran
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165.More information
The language policy of India, a multilingual state par excellence, is intended to be inclusive, right down to the most minority languages, with a multidirectional application of administrative translation protected by law. In reality, this policy is hierarchical. It gives pride of place to Hindi among regional languages, and is not applied to many minorities. This is reflected in the public/private initiatives that have been developing digital localization technologies for vernacular languages at a rapid pace since 2020. The combination of translation is most often from English to other languages in a recurring order (Hindi, then the first seven regional languages, then the other listed languages), indicating the pre-eminence of English and the symbolic place of other languages in this hierarchy. This emphasis on mastery of the languages “at the top” of the pyramid does not encourage the development of translation into minority languages, or even between “listed languages” other than Hindi. What’s more, the current translation policy does not precisely define the criteria for its implementation. Moreover, for almost 10 years now, India has been banking on the development of its economy through digital technology. Non-English-speaking Internet users represent a gigantic market for the private sector, as well as a pool of skills, provided they can access the knowledge hitherto dispensed in English. This development towards Indian languages also reflects the nationalist ideology advocated by the current government. The example of the dissemination of information during the COVID-19 pandemic shows, however, that the languages of the most vulnerable minorities were not taken into account. And yet, new information technologies, particularly AI, can become allies in preserving and translating minority languages.
Keywords: politique linguistique, language policy, South Asia, Asie du Sud, numérique, digitization, traduction, translation, low-resource language, langues peu dotées
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166.More information
In a context where the integration of AI into organizations’ processes, products and services is becoming crucial, we carried out a study focused on the development of AI project management skillsand noted the growing importance of soft skills. As these skills are traditionally acquired in a collective work environment, our aim was to capture the collaborative versus individual dimensions in the development of these skills from the point of view of AI project managers. Our text deals with the process of developing a skills repository, co-constructed with experts in the field, as well as the analyses that emerged from this process in terms of the skills required and how these skills are acquired for the development of professional identity. This repository aims to guide training institutions’’ AI management training strategiesso that they can design training adapted to the reality of the workplace, including collaborative learning needs.
Keywords: desarrollo de competencias, développement de compétences, competency development, identidad profesional, identité professionnelle, professional identity, intelligence artificielle, artificial intelligence, inteligencia artificial, training, formación, formation, professional development, desarrollo profesional, développement professionnel
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167.More information
This article presents the results of exploratory research on social and solidarity economy ecosystems. In the discussion section, it introduces a reflective analysis addressing four questions inspired by the advances and learnings emerging from the consulted documents. Finally, it lays the groundwork for a research agenda on the concept of ecosystem in resonance with the transformations currently observed both at the geopolitical level and in terms of the current situation.
Keywords: écosystèmes d’économie sociale et solidaire, social and solidarity economy ecosystems, écosystèmes d’entreprises innovantes, innovative business ecosystems, relational ontology, ontologie relationnelle, programme de recherche, research agenda, social and ecological transition, transition sociale et écologique
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169.More information
The media concentration in the hands of a handful of national oligarchs as well as the commodification of knowledge induced by competition established between universities have led since the beginning of the 21st century, in Quebec as elsewhere in the West, to the decline of freedom of the press and academic freedom, which nevertheless guarantee informed public opinion and collective decision-making based on knowledge subjected to the test of facts. In response to the triumphant neoliberal ideology, the activism of journalists and academics leads to a dead end, since it also contributes to distorting their functions. While it is certainly necessary to return to methodical investigation and the honest search for the truth, the task is difficult in the advertising regime put in place.
Keywords: concentration médiatique, media concentration, publicidad, concentración mediática, marchandisation du savoir, knowledge commodification, mercantilización del saber, advertising, publicité, manipulation, manipulation, manipulación, militantisme, activismo, activism
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170.More information
This article advances the concept of Tribal Digital Sovereignty (TDS) as a critical framework for understanding and governing the digital futures of Tribal Nations. TDS encompasses the entire digital ecosystem: infrastructure, software, policy, and human capacity. Drawing on Federal Indian Law, Indigenous governance traditions, and global debates on digital sovereignty, the article situates TDS as both a continuation of longstanding assertions of sovereignty and a necessary response to 21st-century technological challenges. To operationalize this framework, the article adapts Benjamin Bratton’s stack model to highlight how Tribal Nations can exercise sovereignty in digital spaces, for example, by building broadband networks, establishing data governance offices, and developing culturally grounded digital tools. The article concludes by calling for comprehensive strategies that integrate legal infrastructure, capacity building, and economic planning to ensure Tribal Nations are not merely users of global systems but sovereign architects of them. In doing so, it charts a path toward a Sovereign stack aligned with the long-term flourishing of Indigenous Nations in a networked world.
Keywords: Digital, Sovereignty, Tribal Digital Sovereignty, Governance, Digital self-determination, Indigenous, Indigenous Data Sovereignty, broadband and infrastructure, digital governance, sovereignty and self-determination, community informatics