Documents found
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2631.More information
With the cognitive division of labour that accompanies the neoliberal evolution of societies, efficiency no longer results from the parcellarization of production processes into simple, repetitive, and rigorously delimited tasks, but from the capacity of labour forces to invest in their faculties of learning, innovation, and adaptation in order to maximize them by following the perpetual needs of the production apparatus and its dynamics of continuous change. Transhumanism would thus represent the best instrument that neoliberalism has today to reach the ultimate objective of a total depoliticization of individuals and society in favour of an integral economization of individuals and society. By conveying the ideal of a « technological increase of the human », transhumanism would enroll the individual to invest his humanity by understanding it only in terms of human capital to better make it enter integrally on the economic market as a source of adaptation to this new environment in which the generalized competition must be perceived as « natural ». This would make transhumanism look like a special form of propaganda in the service of Jacques Ellul's “ideology of work,” developed by neoliberalism.
Keywords: néolibéralisme, transhumanisme, posthumanisme, idéologie du travail, humain augmenté, capitalisme cognitif, neoliberalism, transhumanism, posthumanism, ideology of work, enhanced human, cognitive capitalism
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2633.
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2634.More information
In his The Mysteries of Taal, Hargrove (1991) describes the Taal volcano as a blessing and a curse. This miscible trait of being a hazardous geological landform and the character as being a culturally significant and economically providing geographic territory symbolizes Taal volcano's location in Philippine history and culture. This paper illustrates the aforementioned dynamic nature of the Taal Volcano. Using scientific analysis as well as cultural anecdotes in history, I attempt to describe and analyze Taal's visualizations across time: the Taal as physical landscape that has been a subject of scientific studies, and as a cultural landscape imagined in select cultural materials. Through this approach, this study offers a way of looking at how volcanoes, as one of the potentially-loaded destructive natural landforms, tend to be read and appreciated not only as a source of hazard but also as a derivation of economic survival and intellectual production.
Keywords: Volcan Taal, risques volcaniques, éruptions historiques, études géologiques, folklores, volcán Taal, riesgos volcánicos, erupciones históricas, estudios geológicos, folclore
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2635.More information
Universal accessibility is a major concern in developed countries, especially in cities. There is, however, considerable confusion about the meaning of this concept, whose definition varies from one author to another, none of which cover all the dimensions identified in all of the texts. There are also many proposals, more or less articulated, for different types of design for its achievement. The Montreal Committee for the Study of Universal Accessibility, which includes researchers and representatives from community organizations as well as a representative from the Directorate of the social diversity of the City of Montreal, undertook the job of clarifying concepts at the basis of this synthesis. This paper proposes a formal definition of universal accessibility based on a selection method and content analysis of the most relevant references. This analysis sought to better identify the nature of the concept, its purpose and context for application, its social purpose, the target population and specific group, the terms of use and the general evaluation criteria. The same procedure was carried out to define the types of design contributing to the universal accessibility and to propose classification in an evolutionary process. These clarifications are proposed as the basis for the development of an interdisciplinary, multisectoral and multidimensional approach of universal accessibility. Finally, problems related to evaluation are underlined.
Keywords: accessibilité universelle, design, terminologie, inclusion, handicap, universal accessibility, design, terminology inclusion, disability
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2636.More information
If public spaces are places of socialization, the fact remains that accessibility to these spaces can be difficult for the elderly, especially when their physical and cognitive capabilities decrease. Yet, these areas may contribute to the welfare of seniors by promoting physical activity, independence, social contact and participation in community life. This paper focuses on the issues that seniors perceive regarding the use of a particular kind of public space: the local commercial street. The paper builds on a research conducted in 2010 among eight people aged between 65 and 87 years in Montreal. As a case study, the research included two dimensions: firstly, a spatial analysis of a local commercial street (Promenade Masson, Montreal); secondly, an analysis of the discourse of a group of seniors about this street. For this second dimension, we conducted two data collection activities: a focus group and an exploratory walk. The qualitative analysis of data identifies several challenges faced by older people on the local commercial street. The analysis also helps to understand the importance of this place in terms of daily mobility of seniors, essential to their socialization and participation in community life, as well as the characteristics that make the street attractive to participants.
Keywords: personne âgée, perte d’autonomie, espace public, socialisation, elderly, loss of autonomy, public space, socialization
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2637.More information
Through an ethnographic study conducted in three newsrooms of French-speaking dailies in Belgium between March and June 2022, this article examines the challenges posed by the observation of virtual interactions within newsrooms. Access to virtual communication channels, managing the constant flow of online information, and juggling between the 'physical' and virtual field were some of the key issues explored. The study concludes that ethnography remains relevant in a context where editorial work is becoming increasingly hybrid but nevertheless requires methodological adaptations to account for the digital realm. Virtual tools complement rather than replace physical interactions, underscoring the importance of on-site observation for a comprehensive understanding of research objectives. Ultimately, ethnography remains a valuable tool for studying work practices in editorial offices, even in the digital age.
Keywords: Ethnographie de rédaction, ethnographie virtuelle, hybridation du travail, adaptation méthodologique, Newsroom ethnography, virtual ethnography, work hybridization, methodological adaptation
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2638.More information
Many cities and public authorities are trying to put in place inclusive public environments, assuring equalities of rights to each citizen, by giving a universal access to urban spaces and public services. Creating environments that are accessible for all is a concern that is clearly addressed by many organizations and municipalities of Quebec. However the implementation of these accessible public spaces represents a major challenge. How can they assure the development of built environments that are accessible to every person, regardless of their physical abilities? This problematic, that we name physical and spatial accessibility is central to this research. At the present time, few guidelines or norms exist to help urban designers to assure that their designs are inclusive for all types of users. This research has for objective to develop and to test a method to evaluate qualitatively the physical and spatial accessibility of a path used by the public, the footpath of the Safari Park in Hemmingford. The analysis grid is established according to urban design literature. The research tends to prove the utility of the method developed, especially when it comes to evaluate the level of accessibility of built environments during and after the design process.
Keywords: Espace public, accessibilité physico-spatiale, design urbain, méthodologie d’évaluation, Public space, physical and spatial accessibility, urban design, evaluation method
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2639.More information
Mental health disorders affect the human also defined as a "Human-trace" (Galinon-Mélénec, 2011), a producer and a product of traces, regardless of their gender, age or social level. Digital, seen as culture (Doueihi, 2013), modifies the construction of sociability and of the space we inhabit. It alters our relationship to mobility in the city. With its advent, one "traces its path" (Vidal, 2015) by producing traces and data that instantly change an urban space in constant movement and expansion. By looking at disability as a variation of human development (Fougeyrollas, 2010), we study the ability of digital technology to achieve full social participation of persons with psychiatric disabilities. Inspired by Interactionism and works of the French School on Trace, our ethnomethodological research takes a closer look at social representations, communication and digital behavior of a group of people with psychiatric disabilities in a specialized habitat in Le Havre, north-west of France. Moreover we interview organizations tasked with assisting the integration of the group in social life. Our findings show a weak use of digital tools, which would normally be key in the building of the social links of these persons with the city. Based on the above, we concluded the need for a connected clubhouse offering digital education and collaborative memorial projects. This clubhouse, ideally built in partnership with public and private actors, would help the group widen its network based social participation (Saba Ayon, 2016).
Keywords: handicap, incapacité psychique, numérique, participation sociale, trace, inclusion, disability, psychiatric disability, digital, social participation, trace, inclusion
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2640.More information
Keywords: Voix des enfants, méthodologie, outils de collecte de données, enjeux éthiques