Documents found
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2811.More information
This study examines the Canadian information research landscape through the lens of the eight academic units hosting ALA-accredited programs. We created a citation-based network utilizing the scholarly articles published by the faculty members and PhD students at each academic unit to identify and characterize distinct research clusters within the field. Then we determined how the publications and researchers from each unit are distributed across the clusters to describe their area of specialization. Our findings emphasize how the inter-, multi-, and transdisciplinary nature of the Canadian information research landscape forms a rich mosaic of information scholarship.
Keywords: bibliométrie, bibliometrics, sciences de l’information, information studies, bibliothéconomie, library studies, pôles de recherche, research clusters, grappes de recherche
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2812.More information
Scholars disagree over whether the employment of artificial intelligence technologies entails an inevitable exercise of power over people or whether such technologies can be configured in such a way as to allow a plurality of possible ways to engage in governance. This article uses the media ecology approach to analysis to demonstrate that the concern that artificial intelligence technologies that appear to be mundane are in fact involved in the exercise of power over people is valid. It contributes to the existing literature by showing that numerous applications of artificial intelligence that people use on an everyday basis interact to amplify one another’s effects. These technologies are the electric toothbrush, internet search engine, smartphone, social media and the use of artificial intelligence as part of the decision-making process. These effects occur at the levels of the individual, city, state and inter-state. These effects are cascading and interconnected rather than occurring on distinct planes. The exercise of power over the individual by the state and the corporations becomes difficult to disentangle. Therefore, states need to cooperate regarding governing artificial intelligence and technology companies if they are to meaningfully protect people from harmful effects.
Keywords: media ecology, governance, artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence decision-making processes, smartphone, social media, internet search engine, electric toothbrush
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2813.More information
Objective – This study analyzes and synthesizes the business information literacy (BIL) literature, with a focus on trends in publication type, study design, research topic, and recommendations for practice. Methods – The scoping review method was used to build a dataset of 135 journal articles and conference papers. The following databases were searched for relevant literature published between 2000 and 2019: Library and Information Science Source, Science Direct, ProQuest Central, Project Muse, and the Ticker journal site. Included items were published in peer reviewed journals or conference proceedings and focused on academic libraries. Items about public or school libraries were excluded, as were items published in trade publications. A cited reference search was conducted for each publication in the review dataset. Results – Surveys were, by far, the most common research method in the BIL literature. Themes related to collaboration were prevalent, and a large number of publications had multiple authors or were about collaborative efforts to teach BIL. Many of the recommendations for practice from the literature were related to collaboration as well; recommendations related to teaching methods and strategies were also common. Adoption of the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education in BIL appears slow, and the citations have decreased steadily since 2016. The majority of the most impactful BIL articles, as measured by citation counts, presented original research. Conclusions – This study synthesizes two decades of literature and contributes to the evidence based library and information science literature. The findings of this scoping review illustrate the importance of collaboration, interest in teaching methods and strategies, appreciation for practical application literature, and hesitation about the Framework.
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2814.More information
This article analyzes the changes which have occurred in land occupation and vegetation cover over the past few decades in a number of villages scattered along the bioclimatic gradient in the South-West of Niger, from the Tillabéry-Filingué line in the North to Gaya (on the Niger-Benin border) in the South. Diachronic analyses were performed based on satellite photographs (CORONA March and October 1965) or aerial photographs (IGN mission in March 1975) which were compared to current Google Earth photographs. These analyses were then confronted to interviews conducted in the various villages as well as to surveys of the state of the vegetation. If researchers emphasize the resumption of rainfall since the mid-1990s, they also show that the South-West of Niger paradoxically presents an increased socio-environmental vulnerability. It seems possible to generalize this observation at the scale of the two regions. However, the research undertaken here leads to a more nuanced conclusion : when data are disaggregated, the situation looks very diversified, revealing, independently from the bioclimatic gradient and from the meridian differentiation linked with the fossile valleys (dallols), situations where the vulnerability of both populations and ecosystems appears more or less pronounced.
Keywords: Sahel, Niger, gradient bioclimatique, changements, socio-environnementaux, dynamique, paysage, occupation, sol, couvert végétal, Sahel, Niger, bioclimatic gradient, socio-environmental, changes, landscape, dynamics, land cover, vegetation cover
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2816.More information
Introduction: In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, educators have increasingly shifted delivery of medical education to online/distance learning. Given the rapid and heterogeneous nature of adaptations; it is unclear what interventions have been developed, which strategies and technologies have been leveraged, or, more importantly, the rationales given for designs. Capturing the content and skills that were shifted to online, the type of platforms used for the adaptations, as well as the pedagogies, theories, or conceptual frameworks used to inform the adapted educational deliveries can bolster continued improvement and sustainability of distance/online education while preparing medical education for future large-scale disruptions.Methods: We conducted a scoping review to map the rapid medical educational interventions that have been adapted or transitioned to online between December 2019 and August 2020. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Education Source, CINAHL, and Web of Science for articles pertaining to COVID-19, online (distance) learning, and education for medical students, residents, and staff. We included primary research articles and reports describing adaptations of previous educational content to online learning.Results: From an initial 980 articles, we identified 208 studies for full-text screening and 100 articles for data extraction. The majority of the reported scholarship came from Western Countries and was published in clinical science journals. Cognitive content was the main type of content adapted (over psychomotor, or affective). More than half of the articles used a video-conferencing software as the platform to pivot their educational intervention into virtual. Unfortunately, most of the reported work did not disclose their rationale for choosing a platform. Of those that did, the majority chose technological solutions based on availability within their institutions. Similarly, most of the articles did not report the use of any pedagogy, theory, or framework to inform the educational adaptations.
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2817.More information
The burgeoning market for wearable technologies with surveillance capabilities is reorienting our relationship with our bodies, privacy, and digital data. This expanding sector has prompted an exploration into how the surveillance of the individual body has been normalized more broadly in the fashion sphere through its visual communications practice. To this end, a multimodal critical discourse analysis following an adapted framework examined a series of photographic editorials and identified two overarching trends that characterize the representation of surveillance in female-focused fashion consumption contexts. Firstly, by adopting a visual style that uses analog aesthetics and obsolescent technology, contemporary surveillance’s obtrusive and expansive reality is obscured and replaced with hauntological nostalgia. Secondly, by framing the act of self-surveillance via screen technologies as erotically charged and potentially empowering, the body’s surveillance is celebrated rather than scrutinized. With close reference to two specific case studies, I demonstrate how these visual treatments can be interpreted as downplaying concerns about privacy and assisting in accelerating the collapse between public and private spheres. I argue that the fashion media’s aesthetic softening of surveillance has culturally foreshadowed an expansion of surveillance capitalism manifesting in the current interest in, and demand for, fashionable wearables.
Keywords: self-surveillance, fashion, photography, Surveillance Capitalism, wearables
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2818.More information
While bibliometrics have been used for years in academia, recent conversations into their responsible use have driven a need for greater understanding of bibliometrics and research impact within the academic community. Academic librarians are ideal individuals to contribute to instruction on bibliometrics, as they are already embedded within their academic community’s scholarly processes and are often familiar with relevant tools and their functions. The purpose of this environmental scan was to evaluate the current state of open instructional materials for bibliometrics and research impact at the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL) academic member institutions. An environmental scan of research guides was chosen as a methodology for this study. Results of this scan identify that 97% (28/29) of CARL academic member institutions held at least one research guide related to bibliometrics and research impact, in a total of 56 guides reviewed. A keyword analysis revealed that of the guides reviewed, keywords related to tools and methodologies of bibliometrics and research impact were discussed at the highest frequency (present within 96% of guides), while keywords related to responsible and alternative metrics were discussed at lowest frequency (present within 38% of guides). Results of this article will benefit 1) practicing librarians who are creating or updating their own bibliometrics and research impact guides or developing library instruction on related topics and 2) strategic planning and governance within academic institutions and more broadly at the national level by revealing trends in bibliometrics and research impact services and resources in the Canadian context.
Keywords: bibliométrie, alternative metrics, enseignement en bibliothèque, bibliometrics, library instruction, guides de recherche, research guides, impact de la recherche, research impact, indicateurs alternatifs
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2819.
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2820.More information
The researchers used a duo-ethnographic approach to examine mathematics and science teacher-candidates (TCs) experiences with a Multiliteracies Across the Curriculum course during the pandemic and how the shift to online delivery impacted their attitudes. Through one researcher’s course reflections and students’ anonymous course survey comments in 2020, the research revealed that some TCs lack of exposure to literacy-based teaching impacted their literacy identities and initial resistance to the course. However, the shift to online learning, increased course relevance, exposure to diverse online methodologies and multiliterate tools seemed to have positively impacted mathematics and science TCs attitudes toward Multiliteracies Across the Curriculum compared to previous years.
Keywords: Multiliteracy, teacher-candidates, math, science, pandemic, online