Documents found
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2941.More information
Migrating archival description from paper-based finding aids to structured online data reconfigures the dynamics of archival representation and interactions. This paper considers the knowledge implications of transferring traditional finding aids to Discover Archives, a university-wide implementation of Access to Memory (AtoM) at the University of Toronto. The migration and translation of varied descriptive practices to conform to a single system that is accessible to anyone, anywhere, effectively shifts both where and how users interface with archives and their material. This paper reflects on how different sets of knowledge are reorganized in these shifts. Discover Archives empowers researchers to do independent searches using the full breadth of their domain expertise, seemingly unbound from archival gatekeeping. At the same time, these searches are performed in the absence of archivists' unstructured mediation, where searches benefit from human interaction and the kinds of knowledges that reference staff draw on to handle complex reference questions, especially those from novice archival users. We explore the extent to which that lost knowledge can be drawn back into archival interactions via rich metadata that documents contexts and relationships embedded within Discover Archives and beyond. Internal user experience design (UXD) research on Discover Archives highlights a gap between current online description and habitual user expectations in web search and discovery. To help bridge this gap, we contributed to broader discovery nodes such as linked open "context hubs" like Wikipedia and Wikidata, which can supplement hierarchical description with linked metadata and visualization capabilities. These can reintroduce rhizomatic and serendipitous connections, enabled by archivist, researcher, and larger sets of community knowledges, to the benefit of both the user and the archivist.
Keywords: access, archival description, metadata, Wikidata, mediation, user experience
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2942.More information
This article develops the concept of an improvisational aesthetic of imperfection and intimacy for “trebling-effect” music livestreams, or webcasts where listeners may interact with each other (and possibly with the performer) during the stream via text chat. I position the pandemic-era turn towards livestreaming within scholarly discourses of “liveness” and in conversation with recent work on the impact of audio streaming platforms on listeners’ understandings of the functionality of music. I also consider the affective labour required of performers to generate a sense of human connection via livestream, and discuss video mosaics, by which musicians separated by time and space perform together in an illusion of copresence. I conclude with a case study of the #CanadaPerforms livestreaming series, a public-private collaboration between the National Arts Centre and Facebook Canada.
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2943.More information
Peer-provided services exist in many different domains and professions. However, there is a knowledge gap in the existing programs’ descriptions and grouping that hinders creating new high-quality peer support programs. The objectives of this article are two-fold in describing existing peer support programs published in the literature in the medical field and evaluating their descriptive quality. Six electronic databases, grey literature, and reference lists were systematically searched. Studies reporting the existence of a support program delivered by peers and its description or methodology were included. Studies targeting patients and children were excluded. 11 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and explored in detail. A total of 2155 peers participated in support programs in the fields of medicine, nursing, or both. Programs in other professional fields were not found. Programs were described in five different countries. Three methods of peer support delivery were found: in person, online, and mixed varying in their goals, duration, peer training supervision and participant demographics and number. Program descriptions were rated as good, fair, or poor using a verified rating scale. There are numerous well-described programs varying in their methodology and type of delivery. Thus, the emergence of new programs can be based on such models that have been well-described in the literature.
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2944.More information
Objective – The tension between upholding privacy as a professional value and the ubiquity of collecting patrons’ data to provide online services is now common in libraries. Privacy policies that explain how the library collects and uses patron records are one way libraries can provide transparency around this issue. This study examines 78 policies collected from the public websites of U.S. Association of Research Libraries’ (ARL) members and examines these policies for compliance with American Library Association (ALA) guidelines on privacy policy content. This overview can provide library policy makers with a sense of trends in the privacy policies of research-intensive academic libraries, and a sense of the gaps where current policies (and guidelines) may not adequately address current privacy concerns. Methods – Content analysis was applied to analyze all privacy policies. A deductive codebook based on ALA privacy policy guidelines was first used to code all policies. The authors used consensus coding to arrive at agreement about where codes were present. An inductive codebook was then developed to address themes present in the text that remained uncoded after initial deductive coding. Results – Deductive coding indicated low policy compliance with ALA guidelines. None of the 78 policies contained all 20 codes derived from the guidelines, and only 6% contained more than half. No individual policy contained more than 75% of the content recommended by ALA. Inductive coding revealed themes that expanded on the ALA guidelines or addressed emerging privacy concerns such as library-initiated data collection and sharing patron data with institutional partners. No single inductive code appeared in more than 63% of policies. Conclusion – Academic library privacy policies appear to be evolving to address emerging concerns such as library-initiated data collection, invisible data collection via vendor platforms, and data sharing with institutional partners. However, this study indicates that most libraries do not provide patrons with a policy that comprehensively addresses how patrons’ data are obtained, used, and shared by the library.
Keywords: privacy, privacy policies, professional values, data ethics
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2945.More information
Slot machines are recognized as a particularly risky form of gambling. However, there is a form of slot machine consumption that seems to have largely escaped the notice of regulators and scholars: the streaming of slot machine play on YouTube and other platforms. In this article, we present the results of our qualitative study of 21 slot machine videos. Our study examines how these videos portray gambling and how they align with the norms of YouTube’s platform economy. Our analysis underscores the representation of slot machine gambling in this under-regulated media, emphasizing different tactics of viewer manipulation. We introduce the concept of interpassive gambling to reflect the ways that user-generated videos are a form of diffusion of gambling mechanics beyond traditional gambling venues. We conclude by calling for more scholarly and regulatory attention to this gamblified site of media consumption.
Keywords: Gambling-related media, Slot machines, YouTube, User generated content, Interpassivity, gamblification
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2946.More information
This essay examines the impact of the studies conducted by cybernetician Silvio Ceccato on Buzzati’s novella Il grande ritratto (1959). While the link connecting Buzzati’s fictional rendition of an artificial intelligence (AI) in the novella and Ceccato’s theories have previously been established by the critics, this study explores in-depth and for the first time how truly knowledgeable and receptive the author was to the then new field of cybernetics. By cross-referencing Il grande ritratto against Ceccato’s work, and Buzzati’s own newspaper articles dedicated to it, this study demonstrates how the novella’s techno-scientific substratum is fundamental to understand why Buzzati chose to write the character of Numero Uno, the AI, the way he did. Indeed, the story departs from the traditional depiction of humanoid robots and anticipates some of the contemporary issues concerning AI, from the “black box problem” and autonomy in neural networks, to biases in data. The purpose of this essay is to situate Il grande ritratto within Buzzati’s well-informed curiosity for Ceccato’s theories, while also showing how the author’s engagement with cybernetics was not at all atypical, but rather in line with the enthusiastic interest for the field animating many Italian artists between the late 1950s and early 1960s.
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Cybernetics, Computational lingustics, Silvio Ceccato, Science Fiction
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2947.More information
This article examines the shift to virtual school counselling through an organizational learning framework developed by Mary Crossan. This framework links the individual, group, and organization levels of an institution through the social and psychological processes of organizational learning, including intuiting, interpreting, integrating, and institutionalizing. The findings highlight four major challenges of virtual learning—technology, work-life balance, legal ramifications, and virtual counselling skills and abilities—that were partially or fully overcome with solutions that became institutionalized.
Keywords: virtual school counselling, orientation scolaire virtuelle, organizational learning, apprentissage organisationnel, virtual learning, apprentissage virtuel
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2948.More information
The pandemic of 2020 frequently necessitated that offshore school teachers continue their instruction of Chinese children in the online format rather than face-to-face back in China; a so-called emergency remote teaching response. A required change in pedagogy accompanied a range of challenges in an effort to offer quality education to English as a Second Language (ESL) students. During the fall 2020-2021 academic year, a sample of 25 teachers and 3 principals provided feedback on those inherent challenges in a mixed method study consisting of surveys, interviews, and focus groups. Factors that impacted the delivery were identified in broad categories of teacher lifestyle, hindrances with technology, teaching practice, and pedagogical support. The findings were unique in that 1) they were nested in a response to a difficult context as opposed to a carefully planned online instruction and 2) second language students constituted a different learning cohort. This work further adds to the literature by suggesting that cognitive load, self-regulation, and attentional literacy deserve careful consideration when contexts of ESL learning with technology are implicated.
Keywords: ALS, ESL, apprentissage en ligne, Online learning, écoles délocalisées, offshore schools, COVID-19, COVID-19
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2949.More information
The emergence of digital or online platforms has fundamentally changed the nature of work, the ways by which businesses operate, and the organization of productive activities. This shift has given rise to the “sharing economy.” Over the last years, we have witnessed the emergence of large online platforms including Uber, Airbnb, and Foodora. These examples are the most well known, although other digital service platforms, such as Adèle sur demande, are emerging and operating in Quebec. What do we know about the number of these platforms and their contributors? Do these online services all create the same type of work? Are the positive or negative aspects of this work shared by all workers operating within a given platform? From these questions, this paper proposes a reflective description and a discussion of the challenges related to work in the context of the emerging “sharing economy.” First, we examine the object of our research, the online platforms, as a new actor in the modern economy. Second, we expose the difficulties in appraising these new forms of work and the difficulties in establishing limits of analysis for evaluating work performed within these online platforms. Third, based on the current state of knowledge related to this subject, we propose some lines of thought to underscore the need for interdisciplinary research on this emerging phenomenon.
Keywords: économie collaborative, plateformes numériques, transformation du travail, statuts d’emploi, flexibilité, microentrepreneuriat
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2950.More information
The Arctic do not elude the extension of the Internet network, supported by fibre optic submarine cables. Several submarine cable projects are in progress, or are already completed in the region. This new route promises a shorter distance, not for the containers this time, but for the transport of data between North America, Europe and Asia. China, which invests in a global Internet infrastructure, The Digital Silk Road, is very interested by this new route and could gain a foothold via the cable project Arctic Connect. In the context of a commercial and technological war between China and the United States, questions arise about the real intentions of China when it comes to this 100 % Chinese Internet network project. The financing and the construction by China of this type of infrastructure, vital for the global economy, might be a means to extend its regional and global influence.
Keywords: Internet, câbles sous-marins, Arctique, Chine, route de la soie numérique, Internet, submarine cables, Arctic, China, Digital silk road, Huawei