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Teaching during the 2020–2021 school year was fraught with challenges related to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the United States, teacher experiences varied greatly. Teacher attrition has been a concern for years, and contemporary media outlets reported that this was exacerbated by the pandemic. The authors surveyed teachers nationally between January and February 2021 (n = 334) to uncover what factors were related to teachers’ reported intention to remain in the classroom after the 2020– 2021 school year. Logistic regression findings indicate that teachers approaching retirement age and those teaching in private schools were significantly less likely to report an intention to remain at their school while elementary school teachers were more likely to stay. Conversely, we found that teacher autonomy, job satisfaction, and student access to resources outside of school were all positively associated with an intention to remain in their current position.

Keywords: COVID-19, COVID-19, fidélisation des enseignants, teacher retention, attrition des enseignants, teacher attrition, teacher autonomy, autonomie des enseignants, job satisfaction, satisfaction au travail, retirement age, âge de la retraite

Law enforcement is a profession where individuals are faced with serious and complex situations. More importantly, they play a pivotal role in our modern society; they provide public safety and act as frontline during crisis (Leclercq, 2008; Shane, 2010). The arrival of new technologies, negative press brought forward through a near infinite number of media outlet and their wide accessibility causes issues that can easily affect the psychological health of a police officer. In recent years, law enforcement has been regularly breaking headlines, often in a negative way. Ergo, does the coverage of these events affect the psychological health at work of the police officers concerned? The study by Chermak and al. (2006) upholds that the media are often the central source of citizens' perception of police legitimacy. In light of these findings, the present study is intended to understand the relationship between media communications of police events and their psychological health. This study intends to use the theoretical model of Gilbert, Dagenais-Desmarais and Savoie (2011) to explain psychological health at work. Media communications will be discussed according to the general model of the reciprocal effects of media coverage by Kepplinger (2007). Considering the above, and since this is a qualitative study, network sampling was used to select the participants; twelve (12) police officers have accepted to participate in this study on a voluntary basis via a semi-structured interview. This res earch allowed to recognize the influence of media communications on the psychological health and well-being of law enforcement officers at work (such as loss of commitment in the workplace and at home, questioning one’s abilities, excessive use of psychoactive drugs, mistrust, depressive state and loss of integrity) as well as on social media and in citizen opinion about them in general.

Keywords: Policier, santé psychologique au travail, communication médiatique, bien-être au travail, détresse au travail, presse négative

Objective – This paper analyzes the design process for a toolkit for appraising emerging and established bibliographic reference generators and managers for a particular student population. Others looking to adapt or draw from the toolkit to meet the needs of users at their own institutions will benefit from this exploration of how one team developed and streamlined the process of assessment. Methods – The authors implemented an extensive initial evaluation using a checklist and comprehensive rubric to review and select reference tools. This work was guided by a matrix of categories from Marino (2012), Bates (2015), and other literature. As the tools were assessed using the toolkit, the components of the toolkit were evaluated and revised. Toolkit revisions were based on evaluators’ feedback and lessons learned during the testing process. Results – Fifty-three tools were screened using a checklist that reviewed features, including cost and referencing styles. Eighteen tools were thoroughly evaluated using the comprehensive rubric by multiple researchers to minimize bias. From this secondary testing, tools were recommended for use within this environment. Ultimately the process of creating an assessment toolkit allowed the researchers to develop a streamlined process for further testing. The toolkit includes a checklist to reduce the list of potential tools, a rubric for features, a rubric to evaluate qualitative criteria, and an instrument for scoring. Conclusion – User needs and the campus environment are critical considerations for the selection of reference tools. For this project, researchers developed a comprehensive rubric and testing procedure to ensure consistency and validity of data. The streamlined process in turn enabled library staff to provide evidence based recommendations for the most suitable manager or generator to meet the needs of individual programs.

Cryptomarkets are e-commerce platforms that specialize in the sale of illicit drugs. The success of these markets has brought them to the attention of law enforcement agencies around the world, but coordinated efforts to shut them down and arrest their participants have so far been ineffective. This study analyses the impact of a recent police intervention that led to the closure of one of the main facilitators of cryptomarket activities, the DeepDotWeb platform. Analysis of 2,841 messages posted on discussion forums dedicated to cryptomarkets made it possible to understand how participants saw the prevention mechanisms used against DeepDotWeb and how they adapted to its closure. The results suggest that interventions that increase the effort and risk associated with browsing the darknet while also decreasing the expected benefits of crime may be more effective in disrupting illicit activities over the long term than the closure of any single market.

Keywords: Interventions policières, cryptomarchés, prévention situationnelle, facilitateurs du crime, Police interventions, cryptomarkets, situational prevention, crime facilitators, Intervenciones policiales, criptomercado, prevención situacional, facilitadores de delitos

Heritage is in desperate straits. It is suffering from a serious «affliction» that is difficult to define. How can we explain this phenomenon by placing it more squarely on the path of Quebec's socio-political trajectory? In order to answer this most worrisome question, this article sets forth a strong (hypo)thesis that, even so, cannot be demonstrated in the primary sense of the term: for this reason we call it an attempt at theorizing. Its objective is to propose an approach toward a response that seems promising to us, and that we hope then to see debated within the academic community and practicians more broadly. To put in a nutshell, we argue that the «heritage disorder» in Quebec can be explained mainly by the prevalence of Americanity – as a dominant idea – to imagine the present being, the past and the future of Quebec society. In so doing, the Quebec nation has come to imagine itself through the single lens of a radical modernity, rejecting on principle any distinctive collective intentionality. It is because it more or less (un)consciously associates heritage with traditions, and then traditionalism with Old Regime societies, that Americanity is at the heart of the heritage chaos and of the act of heritagization.

This article looks at the parallel fates of two Unangax̂ (Aleut) collections from the second half of the nineteenth century made by French Alphonse Pinart and American William Dall. Their explorations of Unga Island burial caves, partly driven by their rivalry, resulted in collections of unique and enigmatic objects divided between the Château-Musée de Boulogne-sur-Mer (France) and the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History (United States). In this article, the authors retrace the particular course of these objects, which, despite their exceptional character, remain understudied.

Keywords: Alaska, Aléoutes, cavernes funéraires, collections archéologiques, Pinart, Dall, musées, Alaska, Aleuts, burial caves, archaeological collections, Pinart, Dall, museums

Objectives In recent years, issues related to physical health took on a major role in the care of youth who experienced a first episode psychosis (FEP). Compared to the general population, people with a psychotic disorder have a reduced life expectancy of 15 years, with physical health problems accounting for 60 to 70% of that part. With the increased awareness about these issues, physical activity is considered as a new prevention and intervention strategy in the recovery process for youth with a FEP. The objective of the present article is to summarize the different physical health issues in FEP and the impacts of physical activity.Methods Narrative review addressing physical health issues, the role of antipsychotics, the need for metabolic monitoring, and for improvement of lifestyle habits (e.g., smoking, sedentary lifestyle, physical inactivity, poor diet) in youth with a FEP. The impact of physical activity on physical and mental health, on smoking cessation as well as the interest of adventure therapy in the recovery process will be discussed. Finally, we will propose motivational strategies and tools to promote physical activity. In the different sections, we will support our arguments with the highest levels of evidence available (e.g., meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, N-of-1) and highlight implications for clinical practice.Results Metabolic health problems progress rapidly after the initiation of antipsychotic treatment, and inadequate lifestyle habits contribute to the development of these problems. In an early intervention context, several types of physical activity have shown benefits on physical health, psychotic symptoms, functioning and more generally in the recovery process. Nevertheless, few patients spontaneously engaged in regular physical activity because of low motivation. Physical activity interventions should be adapted to the FEP population and several factors taken into consideration such as the type of physical activity, its context, intensity, frequency, motivational parameters, and support/supervision from health professionals.Conclusion From a physical and a psychiatric perspective, the years following treatment initiation for FEP are critical. Considering its positive impacts on different dimensions of recovery physical activity interventions should be integrated into the range of services offered in early intervention services.

Keywords: activité physique, habitudes de vie, obésité, psychiatrie et mode de vie, physical activity, health behaviour, obesity, lifestyle psychiatry

Non-Timber Forest Products are appropriate to meet the needs of local and indigenous communities surrounding the National Park of Lobéké. In order to better assess their availability, a botanical inventory has been carried out. The methodology use to develop the inventory consist into the establishment of transect in the village of Mambélé. The village is located in the area of the Tri National of Sangha, more precisely in the South-East of Cameroon. In total, 9 transects of 2 km long and 20 m large allow the team to cover an area of 36 ha. Therefore, these transects helped identifying 29 individuals of Irvingia gabonensis, 204 individuals of Ricinodendron heudelotii, 54 individuals of Entandrophragma cylindricum, and 154 individuals of Terminalia superba. In addition, some interesting results are coming out from the calculation of species densities and variances analysis with ANOVA methodology : the availability of each species was linked mainly to two parameters, which include the type of land use area (old secondary forest, secondary forest, swamp forest, young fallow and old fallow) and the distance for harvesting. Therefore, most of identify species are found in secondary forests and old secondary forests. From the analysis, we notice that the diameter class] 20-40 [ is the class where we found most individuals from each species. To conclude, domestication of these Non-Timber Forest Product could be recommended as an alternative option to strengthening the economy and thus contributing to the conservation of biodiversity.

Keywords: disponibilité, Produits forestiers non ligneux (PFNL), Parc national de Lobéké, inventaires, économie locale, agroforesterie, conservation, availability, Non timber Forest Products (NTFPs), Lobéké National park, inventory, local economy, agroforestry, conservation

This work is an attempt to capture the changing role of green spaces and structure of cities they lead through the soil, taken here in both its horizontal, land component, and in its verticality, living entity. The soil is the support for parks, a major land tenure issue, but also a social and environmental investment. The study focuses on an average size town, Tours, characterized as a green city and more precisely on Saint-Cyr-sur-Loire, a leafy and wealthy suburb, filled with green spaces, most of them privately owned. Based on interviews with associations, residents and city officials, this research shows that individual gardens are the mediators between soil, users and municipality. The spatial practices of residents in the gardens are at the heart of their relationship to the soil as a living entity. Representations of nature that motivate them are mostly that of a recreational area where the soil is seen as a constraint leading to a variety of adapted strategies.

Keywords: sol, banlieue, nature, paysage, jardins, parcs, trame verte, biodiversité, représentations, pratiques, soil, suburb, nature, landscape, parks, gardens, green structure, biodiversity, perception, practices

Agriculture in urban areas is a solution to problems such as food security, unemployment, environment issues, green spaces creation and so on. In spite of its major importance in developing countries, agriculture in urban areas is victim to a lack of recognition and to an important economical weight leading this business line to precariousness and informal. Shrugged off by the Burkinabe authorities for a long time, they currently show a will to recognize it by inserting this activity in the new face of the urban landscape “Grand Ouaga” established by the city planning 2025 of this urban zone.This study is about to modeling the phenomenon in order to prospect by geomatic means the capacity of the urban soil to receive agriculture and to plan it on a permanent basis for its consideration in Ouagadougou's municipality land development plan (SCOT). One of the main aspects of the Geographic Information System is their capacity to contribute to the decision making. Among the GIS function for a spatial and temporal modeling and decision helping, the multicriterion evaluation is particularly useful regarding the localization of high potential areas for a use. This method is based on the hypothesis that it exist, for a given date, a series of criterion spatialized able to explain the variability of land use, in other words the aptitude for a use. Some criterion, identified for the use of the agricultural activity and a spatialized database was established as information reference to multicriterion construction of map indicating the high potential areas for cultivation.The aptitude or probability map obtained indicates that the existing agricultural land meet along the restricted space of plans of permanent water surface or downtown characterized by a strong land speculation. There, we can notice that potential areas should be used for cultivation because the adjustment of the risks among factors (criteria) confers them a good truck-farming or horticultural capacity. Besides, it appears that spaces, particularly those located on the green belt to be rehabilitated, although they are unfavourable to the agricultural activity, could shelter in a prosperous way pluvial cultivation. The results of the interpretation allowed us to be set on the limits of our contributions and results, the implemented methodology and its application on others sites with similar context and problems.

Keywords: Système d'information géographique, Modélisation, agriculture urbaine, évaluation multicritère, Ouagadougou, Geographic Information System, Modeling, urban agriculture, multicriterion evaluation