Documents found
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1001.More information
Since 2009, all French professionals working with pesticides are required to hold the Certiphyto certificate, which attests to their sufficient knowledge to safely sell, advise on, or use pesticides and reduce their overall use. In parallel, public authorities have recorded not a decrease but an increase in national pesticide consumption, casting doubt on the relevance and effectiveness of this training. To address this issue, trainers and farmers who participated in 40 Certiphyto training courses agreed to have their sessions recorded. These recordings were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Then, the « real » Certiphyto training, as observed through the recordings, was compared with the « prescribed » training as recommended by authorities. In quantitative terms, the average duration of the sessions is shorter than the guidelines. In qualitative terms, deviations from the prescribed standard are almost always present. Some topics are covered unnecessarily, while others that should be included are overlooked. A semantic analysis of the recordings also reveals inconsistencies in pedagogical approaches, a lack of emphasis on general prevention principles, and an excessive focus on technical and regulatory aspects. Based on these findings, it is clear that a redesign of the Certiphyto training is necessary to promote better pesticide use in France. Recommendations are developed and will need to be reviewed by stakeholders, translated into specific operational objectives, and ultimately implemented and validated according to each organization's unique timelines and priorities.
Keywords: pesticides, agriculteurs, pratiques, formation, Certiphyto, évaluation, recommandations, pesticides, farmers, pratices, training, Certiphyto, evaluation, recommendations
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1002.More information
Several factors contributing to anxiety in career choice situations among young people have been identified to date, but scientific literature has paid little attention to socioeconomic background. As part of a qualitative research on the prevention of anxiety in career choice situations, a group career-counselling programme was developed and implemented in four schools from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Based on recordings of group meetings (n = 27), logbooks (n = 157) and individual interviews (n = 22), an analysis of the activity taking place in the groups was carried out using three complementary strategies: thematic analysis, condensed matrix and writing mode analysis. This article presents some results that show differences in anxiety levels when choosing a career depending on socioeconomic background. It presents the differences identified and discusses the contribution of group activity analysis in understanding the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities and mental health.
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1003.More information
Searching for information on the Internet is an activity that poses many challenges for engineering students in the context of academic work. The main problem lies in being able to search for information efficiently, while assessing its reliability. The aim of our study is to investigate the links between the cognitive and affective engagement of students (N = 116) during a document reading-evaluation task. An analysis of correlations among several variables revealed a positive link between interest in the topic and document reading time, which in turn predicted performance in assessing the reliability of the information.
Keywords: Évaluation de l'information, fiabilité, élèves ingénieurs et ingénieures, motivation, cognition, Information evaluation, reliability, engineering students, motivation, cognition
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1005.More information
Weight-based stigmatization is an important societal issue because it may lead to significant social exclusion that can induce stress and contribute to poor physical and mental health in people who are targeted. It may also ironically contribute to the maintenance of obesity. The present study aimed to explore sociodemographic and individual predictors of negative attitudes towards obesity in the general population of the province of Quebec. An online survey was completed by 1615 adults living in Quebec. Height and weight were self-reported to calculate body mass index (BMI). A path analysis was performed with robust estimators in order to examine predictors of three negative attitudes towards obesity, namely dislike of fat people, fear of fat, and willpower (i.e., beliefs about the controllability of weight and fat). The results showed that respondents' experiences of weight-based stigmatization, BMI, and gender are the most important predictors of negative attitudes towards obesity. The frequency of experiences of weight-based stigmatization was associated with increased negative attitude scores. Furthermore, men and lower weight individuals appeared to be more critical of obesity, whereas women were more afraid to gain weight. These findings inform prevention and intervention efforts regarding weight-based stigma.
Keywords: attitudes négatives, préjugés, obésité, adultes québécois, caractéristiques sociodémographiques, stigmatisation basée sur le poids, antifat attitudes, prejudices, obesity, sample of Quebecers, sociodemographic characteristics, weight-based stigmatization
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1006.More information
Is it possible to delegate the entire jurisdictional function to machines? For some, this hypothesis must be viewed as a new myth. For others, however, this delegation is inevitable due to the growing contribution of so‑called “intelligent” machines to the administration of justice. This controversy, albeit not new, has a particular resonance at a time when projects to create robot judges, alongside human judges, are on the rise. One of the challenges of this move is improving access to justice. Therefore, the possible replacement of human judges with machines in all litigation would be problematic because of the infringement on fundamental rights and, above all, the inappropriateness of robotic justice for disputes involving highly vulnerable people (children, indigenous communities, women victims of domestic violence). It is therefore urgent to find a balance between the effective protection of these rights, the promotion of innovation in digital technologies and the need to improve access to justice through these technologies. It is this idea that forms the backbone of the study, which, in a prospective approach, demonstrates that for cultural, legal and philosophical reasons, the total replacement of human judges with robot judges is neither desirable nor possible. Moreover, state practice, jurisdictional practice and ongoing institutional reforms in many respects rule out the hypothesis of total replacement in favour of partial replacement. This implies a complementarity between the two categories of judges.
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1007.More information
Physical and digital spaces in university libraries are places where students engage in information-seeking and social activities. Following the restructuring of three libraries in a French university campus, we set up an exploratory research project to analyze the information practices of students and library professionals, and understand the challenges of redeploying spaces in the context of student life.
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1008.More information
This article does not take a position on the advisability of Quebec's political independence, nor does it assert that the end of the Canadian constitutional order would guarantee the decolonization of the relationship between the State and Indigenous peoples. It merely seeks to identify ways in which independence could be leveraged to decisively move beyond the colonial paradigm. The author aims to identify and outline the main components of a possible decolonization pact between the Indigenous peoples of Quebec and the Québécois people, a pact that would form the foundation of the new independent State. The primary condition for decolonization will be the unequivocal rejection of the Canadian legal framework inherited from the colonial enterprise. To break free from colonial continuity, independence must be pursued not “from above” between state entities, but “from below” between peoples sharing a territory and a history. The founding pact of an independent Quebec would thus involve the restoration of original sovereignties and Indigenous territories within an egalitarian relationship with the Québécois people and State. However, this must take into account the enduring and irreversible presence of a non-Indigenous majority and a State that has existed for centuries. From a juspluralist perspective, the author proposes legal mechanisms and institutional arrangements that could integrate Indigenous sovereignty into the constitution of an independent Quebec without supplanting or absorbing the non-state Indigenous legal order. To end the colonial capture of Indigenous peoples by the State, the article also emphasizes the need to frame the relationship between Indigenous peoples and Quebec within the international sphere.
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1009.
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1010.More information
SummaryProtein folding is a topic of fundamental interest since it concerns the mechanisms by which the genetic information is translated into the three-dimensional and functional structure of proteins. In these post-genomic times, the knowledge of the fundamental principles is required in the exploitation of the information contained in the increasing number of sequenced genomes. Protein folding also has a practical application in the understanding of different pathologies associated with protein misfolding and aggregation. Significant advances have been made ranging from the Anfinsen postulate to the ‟new view” which describes the folding process in terms of an energy landscape. These insights arise from both theoretical and experimental studies. Unravelling the mechanisms of protein folding represents one of the most challenging problems to day. This is an extremely active field of research involving aspects of biology, chemistry, biochemistry, computer science and physics.