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454.More information
An agonistic relationship to image and technology marks the works of the artist Samuel Bianchini. The singularity of his approach lies in the repeated and ritualistic staging of a confrontation with seeing. This text analyzes the experience of Discontrol Party (2009-2018), an interactive and festive counter-device developed in the framework of a research on collective interaction (Large Group Interaction) at EnsadLab/DRii, a laboratory of the École nationale supérieure des Arts Décoratifs (Paris). The artwork stages "vision machines", an empire of surveillance that is also a "theater of operations" for the public, confronted with the proliferation of composite images: diagrams, graphs, units of measurement, clouds of points, tables of data. What is the meaning of these images, which are also data? Can we see in them the will of a totalitarian representation and the promise of a total transparency of the human experience? Should we be happy about it? Should we be alarmed? Is it possible to bug these digital detection systems? There is no doubt that this is a question of power relations, and we have the right to ask ourselves which of the human or the machine is the master or the slave.
Keywords: Machines de vision, Images composites, Surveillance, Reconnaissance faciale, Art numérique, Interactivité et interaction collectives, Dispositifs agonistiques, Médias tactiques, Design critique, Vision machines, Composite images, Surveillance, Facial recognition, Digital art, Collective interactivity and interaction, Agonistic devices, Tactical media, Critical design
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455.More information
Les véhicules à guidage automatique (Automated Guided Vehicule - AGV) sont de plus en plus répandus dans le milieu industriel. Ces véhicules permettent le transport automatisé des biens dans une usine, ce qui libère de la main d’œuvre qui peut réaliser des tâches ayant une plus grande valeur ajoutée. Récemment, certains manufacturiers ont débuté la mise en marché d'AGV holonomes. Ces derniers peuvent se déplacer latéralement, libérant l'orientation du véhicule pendant ses mouvements. Ce degré de liberté supplémentaire n’est toutefois pas géré par les planificateurs de trajectoires existants. En absence d’obstacles pour limiter la rotation de l’AGV, ce dernier a tendance à pivoter de manière erratique lorsqu’il se déplace. Cela entraîne un inconfort chez les personnes à proximité et peut endommager une charge fragile placée …
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456.More information
Ce mémoire explore la « convivialité » dans le contexte des logiciels libres, en considérant la manière dont la technologie, autrefois plus exigeante, est devenue plus facile à apprendre et à utiliser. Le sens même du terme « convivialité » a subi une transition similaire depuis la conceptualisation qu’en a faite Ivan Illich en 1973 : référant alors à l’ouverture d’une technologie qui favorise des pratiques communautaires de « bricolage » et un effort d’autonomie, elle est devenue, en informatique, synonyme de facilité, de compréhension superficielle et de marchandisation de la technologie (« user-friendliness »). Certaines études considèrent les logiciels libres — qui permettent notamment la « liberté » de les modifier et de les partager — comme des « exemples paradigmatiques » d’outils conviviaux …
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457.More information
Lh.ièvrf Éva, Vivier Géraldine - Data collection at the intersection of quantitative and qualitative research: evaluation of the Event histories and contact circle survey As part of continuing research on individual life courses and social networks, the Event histories and contact circle survey collected information on the family, residential and activity histories both of respondents and of the members of their contact circles A longitudinal perspective is used for observation of a group that includes non-family members and whose trajectory is shaped by the interacting itineraries of its members The approach is both quantitative and longitudinal, permitting a systematic reconstitution of the respondents' relational networks over time and employing a quantitative questionnaire to calibrate a life history that is more usually gathered by qualitative interview. The article evaluates and validates the material collected by questionnaire, by crosschecking this data and the various associated interpretations and representations, with the information derived from qualitative re-interviewing.
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458.More information
Keywords: aire d'hivernage, clôture à cervidés, mesure d'atténuation, passage faunique, route
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459.More information
The digital era has caused tremendous transformation in the discipline of archival science. New issues are surfacing. This is particularly true with respect to the notion of risk, which has to be taken into account in defining the needs of an organization.In this article, Belin and Rietsch discuss the evolution of the digital in archives. Over the past fifteen years, the arrival of digital has certainly brought many advantages to the work of archivists, but it has also introduced a cluster of new problem areas. In fact, success in assuring the integrity of a digital document, its provenance, its confidentiality, and its long-term accessibility are all challenges that make us recall that the new era is sometimes based on complex functional mechanisms with significant costs.The second part of the article is dedicated to the presentation of an actual case : the successful installation of a shared regional electronic archiving system for the mixed territorial cooperative union Mégalis Bretagne, in France. The success of the operation is primarily due to the sharing of means, that is, the shared use of a system that has several technical infrastructures. This kind of system means that one can assure the optimization of available resources and the sharing of risks. An archival policy that is well thought out is absolutely necessary before putting such a system in place. The example of the Mégalis Bretagne system serves as a good illustration of a digital archival project and an analysis of risk.
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460.More information
Since 2013, we have seen the emergence in France of a number of initiatives promoting computer coding schools. Presented as an obvious fact, because accompanying the digital transformation of organizations, in this sense in 2015, a French national label called “Grande École du Numérique” was created, which certifies these schools and intends to train 10,000 new people in three years. There are now 400 coding schools certified by this system, and several thousand people have been trained. The institutionalization of this initiative has been very fast: there were indeed less than nine months between the announcement of the device and its implementation. The purpose of this article is to show how this valorization can seem paradoxical. We will see that around the notion of “computer code”, we are seeing a promotion of computer code as a skill. We will see that this valorization of the code concerns above all a symbolic level and that on the theoretical and empirical levels it confronts itself with many contradictions, as well at the level of the history of the teaching of computer programming, as by the place occupied by code developers in the division of labor, but also and especially in economic and social terms with regard to professional insertion.
Keywords: compétences numériques, politiques de formation, code informatique, digital skills, training policies, computer programming