Documents found
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772.More information
This article consists of an ethnographic survey conducted between 2015 and 2017 on a mailing list named échanges. Inaugurated in September 2012 by the Réseau francophone des biens communs (RFBC), this list was intended to serve as support for the constitution of a “movement of the commons”, which claimed to be “intercultural”. The authors question the effective role of the digital tool with regard to this goal of “unity in diversity”. On the one hand, they show that the digital tool has largely contributed to the deployment of a “movement of the commons” intersecting different fields. It has notably supported a wide activity of networking, exchange of information and reflection but also by allowing a large community to concretely experience this “movement”. On the other hand, they put into perspective the enthusiasm that this tool has generated. Indeed, the list does not allow the flourishing of a broad community of action and intercultural reflection. Its advent is conditioned by a set of practices that goes beyond the technical tool (openness, regulation of exchanges, etc.). Moreover, the use of a mailing list is not a neutral choice. The survey shows that it is part of a broader dynamic, characterized by the ascendancy exercised by the “digital world” (or “free culture”) on the list. In this sense, the article concludes on the need for greater reflexivity of commoners towards their own frames.
Keywords: communs, mouvement, numérique, ethnographie, interculturalité, commons, movement, digital, ethnography, interculturality
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773.More information
Grief is influenced by several factors, including attachment to the deceased and cause of death. This article explores the bereavement of adult children in the context of medical assistance in dying. A qualitative study inspired by the narrative approach and the Dual Process Model of Coping with Bereavement was conducted. Data were collected from six participants through individual in-depth interviews, a socio-demographic questionnaire and field notes. Three main themes were identified in the analysis: temporality, the search for meaning, and factors influencing grief. The implication of these themes in the participants' experience and grief will be discussed, and recommendations for professional practice will be made.
Keywords: deuil, aide médicale à mourir, enfants d'âge adulte, approche narrative, recherche qualitative, duelo, ayuda médica al morir, hijos adultos, enfoque narrativo, investigación cualitativa
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774.More information
This articles traces the history of Netville, the founding community of developpers of the Internet and cyberspace. It discusses the ARPA/University alliance which spawned Netville and its three fundamental values : intellectual curiosity ; informal reward systems ; and egalitarian premises. These values and related principles were the basis of remarkable social and technological achievements during its early growth years : a robust packet switching network (ARPANET, which became Internet), electronic mail (with its underlying technical infrastructure, TCP/IP and DNS) and the World Wide Web. However, during the nineties, attracted by the extraordinary potential of the Internet and cyberspace and owing to the withdrawal of the original sponsors, new institutional (commercial and regulatory) players, with different interests, occupied the domain. Is the outcome likely to be a Netville à la Las Vegas, a temple for the vice and entertainment industries ? Or will it have the same fate as boom towns linked to major construction projects, and end up a ghost town ? Its future probably lies somewhere between these two extremes.
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775.More information
Personal computer use for book keeping has recently developed to such an extent in French farms that is seems to disrupt a whole set of fragile equilibria in the domestic and professional spheres. In the field of division of labor, an emerging gender issue has evolved from computer use, which puts under threat the traditional assignment of administrative tasks and accounting to fanners' wives. This is demonstrated by secondary analysis of a survey conducted among 200 farmers and spouses in south-western
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776.More information
Drawing from the conclusions of our Ph.D thesis (which studied the phenomenon of studio recording of the garifuna paranda in Central America), this article raises some of the theoretical and methodological concerns that emerge when the contemporary ethnomusicologist decides to make the recording studio his or her main research site. In these studios where music is created, power relations are constantly deployed around a main issue: control over electronic manipulation of recorded sounds. While it acts as an experimental laboratory for its actors (musicians, sound engineers, producers…), the recording studio offers to ethnomusicological research a microcosm in which a sophisticated technical apparatus is manipulated through interactions between individuals. Based on an interdisciplinary literature review, this article will provide a theoretical and methodological basis for any ethnomusicological research that will focus on the role and place of the recording studio in the analysis of contemporary musical phenomena.
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777.More information
This article reports on research that aims to study the actual activity of the supervisor in his supporting and mentoring practice with a beginning teacher in secondary education in France. The framework of the activity clinic was chosen to apprehend the activity of the supervisor meaningly and efficiently, in the workplace. Fifteen interviews using the double method were conducted in four teaching disciplines. A verbatim content analysis brings up nine facets structuring this function, crossed by eight dilemmas. The dynamic analysis of the elements of the activity in these dilemmas in one case study shows that the supervisor directs its activity of supporting and mentoring without real professional guidance in his function. Using a developmental conceptualization of the profession that required a balanced dynamic between four features: personal, interpersonal, transpersonal, impersonal, a deficit of the last two features and it foreshadows the difficulties of the activity development.
Keywords: dilemme, activité réelle, maître de stage, accompagnement, enseignant débutant, dilemmas, actual activity, supervisor, support, mentoring, beginning teacher, dilema, actividad real, tutor de prácticas, acompañamiento, maestro principiante
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778.More information
The institutionalization of sustainable development in the field of architecture leads to changes in terms of expertise. Architects have heterogeneous positions on this subject. Some, considered as experts by the public authorities, participate to the evolutions of public policies. Others doubt, even condemn, the normative orientation of these developments. By opposition they could be considered as potential experts of the expertise. Generally their doubts are discarded by the authorities that attribute them to a lack of information, or even to inertia. Trying to enlighten these differences of opinions and positions in terms of supports for public policies, the paper examines two objects: On the one hand, the implementation of the passive house certification in the Brussels energy policy; On the other hand the critics of architects who have build one or several passive buildings. The confrontation of these objects indicates a difference of apprehension of sustainable development and architecture notions.
Keywords: action publique, architecte, Bruxelles, certification maison passive, expertise, instrument, architect, Brussels, expertness, passive house certification, policies, tool-kit
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779.More information
The multinational companies contribution in economic growth has pushed the Tunisian government to put the attraction of foreign direct investment among the economic priorities of the country, which has enabled the development of policies for the seduction of international firms. The paper attempts to identify the major determinants of foreign investment. It is to identify new investment conditions sought by multinational companies, and assess the attractiveness of the Tunisian territory. First, we are interested in the evolution and characteristics of foreign investment attracted by Tunisia. Then, the econometric study conducted on qualitative data reveals the main factors underlying the attractiveness of the Tunisian territory.